1、Designation:D547493(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forSelection of Data Elements for Groundwater Investigations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5474;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of las
2、t revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection of data elements for thedocumentation of groundwater sites.The data elements aredescribed in f
3、our ASTM standards outlining information thatmay be collected at groundwater sites.Examples of specificinvestigations are given with the logic of why to selectindividual and combinations of data elements to meet therequirements of the studies.NOTE1Agroundwater site is any source,location,or sampling
4、 stationcapable of producing water or hydrologic data from a natural stratum frombelow the surface of the earth.A source or facility can include a well,spring or seep,and drain or tunnel(nearly horizontal in orientation).Othersources,such as excavations,driven devices,bore holes,ponds,lakes,andsinkh
5、oles,that can be shown to be hydraulically connected to thegroundwater,are appropriate for the use intended.NOTE2The four ASTM standards that describe the data elements forgroundwater are Practice D5254 and Guides D5408,D5409,and D5410.1.2 Systematic and consistent data collection are necessaryfor t
6、he investigation of the availability and the protection orrestoration of groundwater resources.The level of detail,precision and bias,and the type of data that need to becollected depend on the objective of the study,the expectedcomplexity of the system,and the resources available for theinvestigati
7、on.This guide presents ideas on what informationshould be collected for specific studies,why certain dataelements are mandatory,and the importance to current andfuture investigations of maintaining quality control on thecollection and retention of these data.This guide focuses onthose data elements
8、that are gathered at the field-site locationand are used to assist in interpreting the hydrology of thegroundwater source and to meet regulatory requirements.Other analytical and quality assurance/quality control(QA/QC)considerations are addressed in other standards andbeyond the scope of this guide
9、.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This guide of
10、fers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This
11、 ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that th
12、e document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD5254 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements toIdentify a Ground-Water SiteD5408 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe aGroundwat
13、er Site;Part OneAdditional IdentificationDescriptorsD5409 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe aGround-Water Site;Part TwoPhysical DescriptorsD5410 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe aGround-Water Site;Part ThreeUsage Descriptors3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Except as listed as fo
14、llows,all definitions are inaccordance with Terminology D653.3.1.2 codea suggested abbreviation for a component,forexample,“G”is the code suggested for the galvanized ironcomponent of data element casing material.The data elementis in the“casing record”record.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of
15、ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved May 1,2012.Published December 2012.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5474 93(2006).DOI:10.1520/D5474-93
16、R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.3 componenta subdivision of a data element,forexample,galvanized iron is one of 30 components suggestedfor data element casing material.The data ele