1、Designation:D4647/D4647M13(Reapproved 2020)Standard Test Methods forIdentification and Classification of Dispersive Clay Soils bythe Pinhole Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4647/D4647M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption o
2、r,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method presents a direct,measurement of thedispersibility and consequent c
3、olloidal erodibility of clay soilsby causing water to flow through a small hole punched in aspecimen.The results of the tests are qualitative and providegeneral guidance regarding dispersibility and erodibility.Thistest method is complemented by Test Method D4221.1.2 This test method and the criteri
4、a for evaluating test dataare based upon results of several hundred tests on samplescollected from embankments,channels,and other areas whereclay soils have eroded or resisted erosion in nature(1).21.3 Three alternative procedures for classifying the dispers-ibility of clay soils are provided as fol
5、lows:1.3.1 Method A and Method C,adapted from Ref(1),classify soils into six categories of dispersiveness as:dispers-ibility(D1,D2),slight to moderately dispersive(ND4,ND3),and nondispersive(ND2,ND1).1.3.2 Method B classifies soils into three categories ofdispersiveness as:dispersibility(D),slightly
6、 dispersive(SD),and nondispersive(ND).1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.Thevalues stated in
7、 each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is
8、theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standa
9、rd-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soil
10、s(With-drawn 2016)4D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort(12,400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2487
11、 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes(Unified Soil Classification System)D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedures)D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Eng
12、ineering Design and ConstructionD4221 Test Method for Dispersive Characteristics of ClaySoil by Double HydrometerD4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit,Plastic Limit,andPlasticity Index of SoilsD4753 Guide for Evaluating,Selecting,and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil,Rock,andCon
13、struction Materials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalData1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.06 on Physical-ChemicalInteractions of Soil and Rock.Current edition approve
14、d Feb.1,2020.Published February 2020.Originallyapproved in 1987.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4647 13.DOI:10.1520/D4647_D4647M-13R20.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthese test methods.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website
15、,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appea
16、rs at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitio