1、Designation:D 4842 90(Reapproved 2001)Standard Test Method forDetermining the Resistance of Solid Wastes to Freezing andThawing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4842;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revisio
2、n,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for determiningmaterial losses produced by repeated freezing and thawing
3、ofsolid waste specimens.It also covers the visual observation ofthe disintegration of solid specimens.1.2 This test method intends that the material used in theprocedure be physically,chemically,and biologically represen-tative,hence it does not address problems as a result of theinhomogeneity of sp
4、ecimens.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenc
5、ed Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency2D 2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock33.Significance and Use3.1 This test method is intended for the evaluation of the
6、freezing and thawing resistance of monolithic,solid,solidified/stabilized wastes under the testing conditions of this testmethod.3.2 This test method may be used for the comparison offreezing and thawing resistance of wastes.3.3 Data tabulated in the charts shown in Figs.1-3 may beused to observe ir
7、regularities caused by inhomogeneity ofspecimens or comparison of mass loss-cycle relations ofdifferent wastes,or both,as well as to measure method-relatedweight losses such as matrix dissolution.4.Apparatus4.1 Disposable Molds,44-mm inside diameter by 74-mm inlength.4.2 Balance or Scale,with a capa
8、city at least 50%greaterthan the weight of the specimen and beaker,and a sensitivity of0.01 g.4.3 Drying Oven,a thermostatically controlled drying ovencapable of maintaining a temperature of 60 6 2C;to be usedfor drying moisture specimen and for the solids contentdetermination.4.4 Freezing Cabinet,c
9、apable of maintaining 20 6 3C.4.5 Refrigerator,capable of maintaining+4 6 3C.4.6 Moisture Chamber,a suitably covered container capableof maintaining a temperature of 20 6 3C and maintain 95%relative humidity,for preconditioning and thawing specimens.4.7 Beakers,400-mLsize(narrow type),to store sampl
10、e andto collect particulates.4.8 Tongs,to handle samples.5.Sample Preparation5.1 Specimen Size 44-mm diameter by 74-mm in length.5.1.1 Specimens may be cut to size from larger samples.5.1.2 Specimens can also be molded in disposable plasticmolds.When molding specimens refer to Practice C 305(see2.1)
11、.NOTE1Practice C 305 refers to pastes and mortars.Molding materi-als with different consistency may require modifications and may result indifferent precision.5.2 Condition samples that are not molded for this test in themoisture chamber for a period of seven days.5.2.1 Samples molded for this test
12、have to be cured in themoisture chamber for a period of 28 days.6.Procedure6.1 Select one specimen for moisture content determination.6.2 Determine moisture content of specimen in accordancewith Test Method D 2216 but revised to use a temperature of60 6 3C(see 2.1).6.3 Select three specimens for tes
13、ting and three for controland mark them respectively.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.06 onAnalytical Methods.Current edition approved May 25,1990.Published July 1990.2Annual Book of ASTM Stan
14、dards,Vol 04.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 04.08.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.6.4 Weigh specimens(to the nearest 0.01 g).6.5 Place each specimen into a tared beaker,dried inaccordance with Test Method D 2216,and
15、 weighed to thenearest 0.01 g.Cover the beaker with a watch glass or plasticwrap.6.6 Place the three beakers with testing specimens in afreezing cabinet.Maintain temperature at 20 6 3C for 24 h.6.7 Store the three beakers with the control specimens in themoisture chamber at 20C for 24 h.6.8 Remove t
16、he specimens from the freezing cabinet and themoisture chamber.6.8.1 To the frozen specimens add 240 mL of distilledchilled water.This water shall be at a temperature of 4 6 3C.6.8.2 To the control specimens,add 240 mL of roomtemperature water.This water shall be at a temperature of 20 63C.6.8.3 Place a watch glass or plastic wrap on the beakers andstore the water covered specimens at 20 6 3C for 23 h.6.9 Using tongs,transfer each specimen to another dryD 48422beaker.This second set of beakers s