1、Designation:D546802(Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Method forGross Calorific and Ash Value of Waste Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5468;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last r
2、evision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the grosscalorific value of waste materials by either an isoperibol,aneroid,air-jack
3、eted isoperibol,or adiabatic bomb calorimeterusing electronic temperature sensors,automatic calorimetercontrollers,and subsequent analysis of the residue for ash.After calorific analysis,the bomb washings may be collectedfor subsequent elemental analysis.1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarde
4、d as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.S
5、pecific hazardstatements are given in Section 8.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D121 Terminology of Coal and CokeD240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-drocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum FractionsD1193 Specification for Reagent Wate
6、rD3177 Test Methods for Total Sulfur in theAnalysis Sampleof Coal and Coke(Withdrawn 2012)3D4239 Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample ofCoal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube FurnaceCombustionE144 Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Bombs3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calorifi
7、c valuethe heat produced by combustion of aunit quantity of a specimen under specified conditions.It isexpressed in this test method in joules per kilogram(J/kg).Calorific value may also be expressed in calories per gram(cal/g)or in the British thermal units per pound(Btu/lb),whenrequired.The unit e
8、quivalents are given in Table 1.3.1.2 calorimeteras used in this test method,is not onlythe bomb and its contents,but it also includes the bucket,electronic temperature sensing devices,ignition leads,water,and stirrer when using water.3.1.2.1 adiabatic calorimetera calorimeter that has ajacket tempe
9、rature adjusted to follow the calorimeter tempera-ture as closely as possibly so as to maintain zero thermal head.3.1.2.2 calorimeter jacketthe insulating medium sur-rounding the calorimeter.3.1.2.3 isoperibol calorimeterthe calorimeter has a jacketof uniform and constant temperature.3.1.3 gross cal
10、orific value(gross heat of combustion),Qv(gross)the heat produced by combustion of unit quantity of asolid or liquid fuel when burned at constant volume in anoxygen bomb calorimeter under specified conditions with theresulting water condensed to a liquid.3.1.4 heat capacitythe quantity of heat requi
11、red to raise asystem one degree in temperature either at constant volume orconstant pressure.3.1.5 heat of formationthe increase in heat content result-ing from the formation of 1 mole of a substance from itselements at constant pressure.3.1.6 net calorific value(net heat of combustion at constantpr
12、essure),Qpthe heat produced by combustion of unitquantity of a solid or liquid fuel when burned at a constantpressure of 0.1 MPa(1 atm),under conditions such that all thewater in the products remain in the form of vapor.3.1.7 static calorimetera calorimeter without a thermo-stated jacket.3.2 Definit
13、ions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 corrected temperature risethe temperature of thecalorimeter caused by the process that occurs inside the bomb,which is,the observed temperature change corrected forvarious effects.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
14、Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved Feb.1,2007.Published March 2007.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5468 02.DOI:10.1520/D5468-02R07.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the A
15、STM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM Internati
16、onal,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.2 heatcapacity,energyequivalent,orwaterequivalentthe energy required to raise the temperature of thecalorimeter one arbitrary unit.This is the quantity that,whenmultiplied by the corrected temperature,rises,then whenadjusted for extraneous heat effects and divided by the mass ofthe sample,gives the gross calorific value.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Calorific value is determined in this test method byburning