1、Designation:D499813(Reapproved 2021)Standard Test Method forEvaluating Wear Characteristics of Tractor Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4998;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the yea
2、r of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method is used to screen lubricants for gearwear.It is primarily applicable to tractor hydraulic fluids butm
3、ay be suitable for other applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user
4、of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 9.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally rec
5、ognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D235 Specification for
6、Mineral Spirits(Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)(Withdrawn 2021)3D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D329 Specification for AcetoneD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and Lubricants2.2 Deutsches Institut fur Normung(DIN):
7、4DIN 17210 Part 1:Tolerances for Spur Gears;Tolerances forthe Deviation of Singly Determined ValuesDIN 3962 Casehardened Steel;Material SpecificationsDIN 50150 Testing of Steel and Cast Steel Conversion Tablefor Vickers Hardness,Brinell Hardness,Rockwell Hard-ness and Tensile StrengthDIN 51354 Mecha
8、nical Testing of Gear Oils in the FZGGear Test Machine3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 abrasive wear,nwear due to hard particles or hardprotuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface.D41753.1.2 scoring,nin tribology,a severe form of wear char-acterized by the formation of extensive
9、grooves and scratchesin the direction of sliding.D41753.1.3 scratches,nthe result of mechanical removal ordisplacement,or both,of material from a surface by the actionof abrasive particles or protuberances sliding across thesurfaces.D41753.1.4 scuffng,nin lubrication,damage caused by instan-taneous
10、localized welding between surfaces in relative motionthat does not result in immobilization of the parts.D41753.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 wear,nthe loss of material from contacting surfacesof the gear teeth.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A modified FZG gear oil test machine
11、 is operated for20 h under controlled conditions of speed(100 r/min),torque(tenth stage),and temperature(121 C).Test gears are lubri-cated with the test oil.4.2 The test gears are weighed and visually examined beforeand after the test.The gear mass loss and the visually observeddamage to the gear te
12、eth are used to evaluate the wear obtainedwith the test fluid.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants&Fluids.Current edition approved Oct
13、.1,2021.Published November 2021.Originallyapproved in 1989.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4998 13.DOI:10.1520/D4998-13R21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informat
14、ion,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4DIN standards are available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright
15、 ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Stand
16、ards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.15.Significance and Use5.1 Many modern tractor designs use the hydraulic fluid tolubricate the transmission and final drive gears.This testmethod is used to assess the suitability of the tractor hydraulicfluids as lubricants for transmission and final drive gears oftractors.6.Apparatus6.1 FZG Gear Oil Test MachineThe test machine isdescribed in Annex A1 and illustrated in Fig.A2.1 and