1、Designation:D519809Standard Practice forNitric Acid Digestion of Solid Waste1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5198;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses
2、indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice describes the digestion of solid wasteusing nitric acid for the subsequent determination of inorganicconstituents by plasma emission spectroscopy o
3、r atomic ab-sorption spectroscopy.1.2 The following elements may be solubilized by thispractice:aluminummanganeseberylliummercurycadmiumnickelchromiumphosphoruscoppervanadiumironzinclead1.3 This practice is to be used when the concentrations oftotal recoverable elements are to be determined from a w
4、astesample.Total recoverable elements may or may not be equiva-lent to total elements,depending on the element sought and thesample matrix.Recovery from refractory sample matrices,such as soils,is usually significantly less than total concentra-tions of the elements present.NOTE1This practice has be
5、en used successfully for oily sludges anda municipal digested sludge standard Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)Sample No.397.The practice may be applicable to some elementsnot listed above,such as arsenic,barium,selenium,cobalt,magnesium,and calcium.Refractory elements such as silicon,silver,and
6、titanium,aswell as organo-mercury are not solubilized by this practice.1.4 This practice has been divided into two methods,A andB,to account for the advent of digestion blocks.Method Autilizes an electric hot plate;Method B utilizes an electricdigestion block.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to
7、 be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and det
8、ermine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardstatements,see Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent Water3.Summary of Practice3.1 A weighed portion of the waste sample is mixed with1+1 nitric acid(HNO3)in an Erlenmeye
9、r flask.The flask isheated for 2 h at 90 to 95C to dissolve the elements of interest.After cooling,the contents of the flask are diluted with reagentwater and filtered,and the filtrate is made up to appropriatevolume for subsequent analysis.4.Significance and Use4.1 A knowledge of the inorganic comp
10、osition of a waste isoften required for the selection of appropriate waste disposalpractices.Solid waste may exist in a variety of forms andcontain a range of organic and inorganic constituents.Thispractice describes a digestion procedure which dissolves manyof the toxic inorganic constituents and p
11、roduces a solutionsuitable for determination by such techniques as atomic ab-sorption spectroscopy,atomic emission spectroscopy,and soforth.The relatively large sample size aids representativesampling of heterogenous wastes.The relatively small dilutionfactor allows lower detection limits than most
12、other sampledigestion methods.Volatile metals,such as lead and mercury,are not lost during this digestion procedure,however organo-lead and organo-mercury may not be completely digested.Hydride-forming elements,such as arsenic and selenium,maybe partially lost.Samples with total metal contents great
13、er than5%may give low results.The analyst is responsible fordetermining whether this practice is applicable to the solidwaste being tested.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.06 onAnalytical Methods
14、.Current edition approved Feb.1,2009.Published March 2009.Originallyapproved in 1992.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5198 92(2003).DOI:10.1520/D5198-09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of
15、ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 METHOD A HOT PLATE5.Apparatus5.1 Analytical Balance,capable of weighing to 0.01 g.5.2 Erlenme
16、yer Flasks,125 mL.5.3 Graduated Cylinder,50 mL.5.4 Electric Hot Plate,adjustable,capable of maintaining atemperature of 90 to 95C.5.5 Watch Glasses.5.6 Thermometer.5.7 Funnels,glass or plastic.5.8 Volumetric Flasks,glass-stoppered,200 mL.5.9 Filter Paper,quantitative,medium flow rate,WhatmanNo.40 or equivalent.5.10 Fume Hood.6.Reagents6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specificati