1、Designation:D468714Standard Guide forGeneral Planning of Waste Sampling1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4687;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indic
2、ates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe analysis and testing of solid waste requires collection of adequately sized,representativesamples.Wastes are found in various locations and physical states.There
3、fore,each sampling routineshall be tailored to fit the waste and situation.Wastes often occur as nonhomogeneous mixtures instratified layers or as poorly mixed conglomerations.For example,wastes are commonly stored ordisposed of in surface impoundments with stratified or layered sludges covered by p
4、onded wastewater.In these situations,the collector may be faced with sampling the wastewater,the sludge,and somedepth of soil beneath the sludges.Collecting representative samples in these situations requires acarefully assessed,well-planned,and well-executed sampling routine.1.Scope1.1 This guide p
5、rovides information for formulating andplanning the many aspects of waste sampling(see 1.2)that arecommon to most waste sampling situations.1.2 The aspects of sampling that this guide addresses are asfollows:SectionSafety plans4Sampling plans5Quality assurance considerations6General sampling conside
6、rations7Preservation and containerization8Cleaning equipment9Packaging,labeling,and shipping procedures10Chain-of-custody procedure111.3 This guide does not provide comprehensive samplingprocedures for these aspects,nor does it serve as a guide to anyspecific application.It is the responsibility of
7、the user to assurethat the procedures used are proper and adequate.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.5 This s
8、tandard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For more specificprecautiona
9、ry statements see 3.2,3.3,and Section 4.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process2.2 Other Document:EPA-SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,Physical/Chemical M
10、ethods33.Significance and Use3.1 The procedures covered in this guide are general andprovide the user with information helpful for writing samplingplans,safety plans,labeling and shipping procedures,chain-of-custody procedures,general sampling procedures,generalcleaning procedures,and general preser
11、vation procedures.3.2 For purposes of this guide,it is assumed that the user hasknowledge of the waste being sampled and the possible safetyhazards.3.3 This guide is not to be used when sampling sites orwastes when safety hazards are unknown.In such cases,theuser shall use other more appropriate pro
12、cedures.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 onPlanning for Sampling.Current edition approved May 1,2014.Published June 2014.Originallyapproved in 1987.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4687
13、 95(2006).DOI:10.1520/D4687-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Superintendent of D
14、ocuments,U.S.Printing Office,Washington,DC 20402.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.Safety Plans4.1 Proper safety precautions shall always be observedwhen sampling wastes.Persons collecting samples shall beaware that the wa
15、ste can be a strong sensitizer and corrosive,flammable,explosive,toxic,and capable of releasing ex-tremely poisonous gases.The background information ob-tained about the waste should be helpful in deciding the extentof safety precautions to be observed and in choosing protectiveequipment to be used.
16、The information obtained should bechecked for hazardous properties against such references as“Saxs Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials”4the“Hawleys Condensed Chemical Dictionary,”5and the“Toxicand Hazardous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual for Han-dling and Disposal with Toxicity and Hazard Data.”6NOTE1The following safety precautions are not comprehensive.Rather,they provide additional guidance on health and safety to comple-ment professional judgment and experience.4.2 Personnel sho