1、Designation:D460293(Reapproved 2020)Standard Guide forNondestructive Testing of Pavements Using Cyclic-LoadingDynamic Deflection Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4602;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case
2、of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the preparation,equipment,calibra-tion of equipment,location of test points,magni
3、tudes andconfigurations of applied loads,cyclic frequencies,and presen-tation of data for nondestructive testing of pavements usingcyclic-loading dynamic deflection equipment.1.2 Cyclic-loading dynamic deflection equipment includes agroup of devices that induce a steady-state sinusoidal vibrationin
4、the pavement through cyclic generation of a dynamic load.All such devices apply a static load on the pavement surface,resulting in a static deflection,and then induce some sinusoidalload and consequent deflection around the static load anddeflection through an applied steady-state dynamic load.1.3 A
5、s there are great differences between various cyclic-loading dynamic deflection devices,this guide is intended togive uniformly applicable guidance,rather than specificinstructions,for their use.For instance,it will specify thatcalibration of the devices and their instrumentation be carriedout at th
6、e frequencies and in accordance with proceduresrecommended by their manufacturers,rather than providingspecific instructions.Also,data is specified for collection thatshould prove adequate for usual applications of such deflectiondata,but no procedures are included for“back-calculating”elastic modul
7、i of pavement layers or other such applications.1.4 This guide does not apply to static deflection equipmentsuch as the“Benkelman Beam,”automated beam deflectionequipment such as the“California Traveling Deflectometer,”orimpulse deflection equipment such as the“Falling WeightDeflectometer.”1.5 It is
8、 common practice in the engineering profession toconcurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass(lbm)and of force(lbf).This implicitly combines two separatesystems of units,that is,the absolute system and the gravita-tional system.It is scientifically undesirable to combine the useof two se
9、parate sets of inch-pound units within a singlestandard.This guide has been written using the gravitationalsystem of units when dealing with the inch-pound system.Inthis system,the pound(lbf)represents a unit of force(weight).However,the use of balances or scales recording pounds ofmass(lbm),or the
10、recording of density in lbm/ft3should not beregarded as nonconformance with this guide.1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action.This document cannot replace education or experi-ence and should be used in conj
11、unction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consid
12、eration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of t
13、he user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established
14、 in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 test locationthe point at which the center of
15、 theapplied load or loads are located.3.Significance and Use3.1 Nondestructive testing of pavements to obtain deflectiondata for use in pavement evaluation and overlay design hasbecome common.While the diversity of equipment and dataapplications makes specific procedures infeasible,this guide isinte
16、nded to encourage the collection of sufficient deflection1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle-Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.41 onPavement Testing and Evaluation.Current edition approved Nov.1,2020.Published November 2020.Originallyapproved in 1986.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4602 93(2015).DOI:10.1520/D4602-93R20.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.Un