1、Designation:D5197091Standard Test Method forDetermination of Formaldehyde and Other CarbonylCompounds in Air(Active Sampler Methodology)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5197;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of
2、 revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEAdded research report information to Section 13 editorially in September 2010.1.Scope1.1 This test method c
3、overs a procedure for the determina-tion of formaldehyde(HCHO)and other carbonyl compounds(aldehydes and ketones)in air.Other carbonyl compounds thathave been validated for determination by this method includeacetaldehyde,acetone,propanal(propionaldehyde),methacrolein,2-butanone(methylethylketone),b
4、utyraldehyde,benzaldehyde,isovaleraldehyde,valeraldehyde,o-tolualdehyde,m-tolualdehyde,p-tolualdehyde,hexanal,and 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde.Acro-lein and crotonaldehyde can not be determined quantitativelyusing the analytical procedure described in 10.2 due to theformation of multiple derivative peak
5、s and the instability of thepeak ratios2,3.However,the procedure described in the AnnexA has been used by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agencyto estimate acrolein and crotonaldehyde concentrations instandard atmospheres following special precautions.1.2 This test method involves drawing air throu
6、gh a car-tridgecontainingsilicagelcoatedwith2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNPH)reagent.Carbonyl compoundsreadily form stable derivatives with the DNPH reagent.TheDNPH derivatives are analyzed for parent aldehydes andketones utilizing high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The sampling procedure i
7、s a modification of U.S.EPA Method TO-11A(see 2.2).1.3 This test method is based on the specific reaction ofcarbonyl compounds with DNPH in the presence of an acid toform stable derivatives according to the reaction shown in Fig.1,(where:both R and R1are alkyl or aromatic groups(ketones),or both,or
8、either R or R1is a hydrogen atom(aldehydes).The determination of formaldehyde and othercarbonyl compounds,as DNPH derivatives,is similar to that ofU.S.EPA Method TO-11A in that it utilizes HPLC with UVdetection as the analytical finish.The detection limits havebeen extended to other carbonyl compoun
9、ds that can bedetermined as outlined in Section 10.2.4.This test method issuitable for determination of formaldehyde and other carbonylcompounds in the concentration range from approximately 10ppb to 1 ppm(v/v).1.4 The sampling method gives a time-weighted average(TWA)sample.It can be used for long-
10、term(1 to 24 h)orshort-term(5 to 60 min)sampling of air for formaldehyde.1.5 This test method instructs the user on how to preparesampling cartridges from commercially available chromato-graphic grade silica gel cartridges4by the application ofacidified DNPH to each cartridge.1.6 The sampling flow r
11、ate,as described in this test method,has been validated for sampling rates up to 1.5 L/min.Thisflow rate limitation is principally due to the high pressure drop(8 kPa at 1.0 L/min)across the user prepared silica gelcartridges which have a particle size of 55 to 105 m.Thesecartridges are not generall
12、y compatible with battery-poweredpumps used in personal sampling equipment(for example,those used by industrial hygienists.1.7 Alternatively,pre-coated DNPH silica gel cartridges arealso commercially available and may be substituted providedthey can be demonstrated to perform equivalently.5Some ofth
13、ese use silica gel of a larger particle size that results in alower pressure drop across the cartridge.These low pressure1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved Nov.
14、1,2009.Published December 2009.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5197 03.DOI:10.1520/D5197-09E01.2Levin,J.O.,and Lindahl,R.,“Aldehyde Measuring Methods Using DNPH-coated FiltersSummary and Conclusions,”Proceedings of the Workshop“Sam-pling Project”,Mol,Belgium,Jun
15、e 2728,1986.3Clark,W.L.,Biller,W.F.,Tejada,S.B.,Siegl,W.O.,Rosenhamer,D.,Newkirk,M.S.,and Crowley,R.J.,“Round Robin Analysis of Alcohol andCarbonyl Synthetic Exhaust Samples,”SAE Technical Paper Series,Paper 941944,1994,pp.7187.4The cartridge used in the development and performance evaluation of thi
16、s testmethod was the Sep-Pak Plus Silica cartridge.The sole source of supply of thecartridge known to the committee at this time is WatersAssociates,34 Maple Street,Milford,MA 01757.If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide thisinformation to ASTM Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.5Tejada,S.B.,“Evaluation of Silica Gel Cartridges Coated in situ withAcidified2,4-Dinitrophenylhydra