1、Designation:D439193a(Reapproved 2013)2Standard Terminology Relating toThe Burning Behavior of Textiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4391;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revisio
2、n.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.The definitions in this standard have been approved by the Society and are included in D123“Terminology Relating to Textiles”.Theyare published as
3、 a separate collection for the convenience of persons interested in the burning behavior of textiles.A bibliography ofrelated literature is given in Appendix X1.1NOTEThe term“exposure energy to thermal end point”was added editorially in May 2013.2NOTEThe terms“critical sewn seams”and“retained sewn s
4、eam strength”were added editorially in September 2014.afterflame,npersistent flaming of a material after the igni-tion source has been removed.D13.92 D4391after-flame time,nthe length of time for which a materialcontinues to flame after the ignition source has beenremoved.D13.92 D4391afterglow,nglow
5、 in material after the removal of an externalignition source or after the cessation(natural or induced)offlaming of the material.(See also flame,glow,and smol-dering.)afterglow time,nthe time afterglow continues after thecessation of flaming or after removal of the ignition source.D13.92 D4391burnin
6、g behavior,nall the changes that take place whenmaterials or products are exposed to a specified ignitionsource.charring,nthe formation of carbonaceous residue as theresult of pyrolysis or incomplete bustible textile,na textile that will ignite and burn orthat will give off vapors that will ignite a
7、nd burn whensubjected to external sources of ignition.(Compare flam-mable textile,noncombustible textile.)combustion,na chemical process of oxidation that occurs ata rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light either asglow or flames.DISCUSSIONSome oxidation such as that of hydrogen emits rad
8、ia-tion outside the visible spectrum.critical sewn seams,nin assembly of flame resistant textiles,those sewn junctions where failure would result in immedi-ate danger or injury.dangerously flammable textile,n not defined.This term isimplied in the Standard for the Flammability of ClothingTextiles(16
9、 CFR Part 1610)under the Flammable FabricsAct(15 USC 1191,et seq.)from which a meaning can beinferred.(See also flammable textile.)embrittlement,nthe formation of a brittle residue as theresult of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.exposure energy to thermal end point,nthe thermal energytransferred
10、through a specimen that is sufficient to causeignition of contiguous materials.D13.92 D7140fire,nas related to textile flammability,an uncontrolledconflagration in which materials are destroyed by burning asevidenced by flames of varying size and shape,and a highintensity heat source of 5 kw or grea
11、ter,such as a burningwaste basket,grease-fire on a stove,burning building orforest fire.flame,nas related to textile flammability,a hot luminouszone of gas or matter in gaseous suspension,or both,that isundergoing combustion,that is relatively constant in sizeand shape,and that produces a relatively
12、 low heat flux.(Compare fire.)DISCUSSIONExamples are a match flame,candle flame,or a Bunsenburner gas flame.flame resistance,nthe property of a material wherebyflaming combustion is prevented,terminated,or inhibitedfollowing application of a flaming or nonflaming source ofignition,with or without su
13、bsequent removal of the ignitionsource.DISCUSSIONFlame resistance can be an inherent property of thebasic material or product,or it may be imparted by specific treatment.The degree of flame resistance exhibited by a specific material duringtesting may vary with different test conditions.flame resist
14、ant,adjhaving flame resistance.DISCUSSION“Flame resistant”is the government mandated descrip-tion for certain products that meet established governmental confor-mance standards or specifications when the product is tested by a1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textil
15、esand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.92 on Terminology.Current edition approved Jan.1,2013.Published January 2013.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4391 93(2006)1.DOI:10.1520/D4391-93AR13E02.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO B
16、ox C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 specific method.Where no conformance standards exist,“flame resis-tant”is a relative term and is used to compare one material to another.flame retardant,adjnot defined.This term should not beused as an adjective except in the terms“flame-retardant-treated”and“flame-retardant treatment”.flame retardant,na chemical used to impart flame resis-tance.flame-retardant-treated,adjhaving received a flame-retardant treatment.DISCUSSIONThe term“flame-r