1、Designation:D484403(Reapproved 2009)Standard Guide forAir Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for WorkerProtection1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4844;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the ye
2、ar of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized ap-proach for establishing and carrying out an air monitoringprogram
3、 to protect workers at waste management facilities.This guide may apply to routine operations at an activetreatment,storage,or disposal site or the extraordinary condi-tions that can be encountered in opening and cleaning up aremedial action site.1.2 Any user of this guide must understand that it is
4、impossible to predict all the difficulties that could develop at awaste management facility due to hazardous airborne emis-sions.Although air contaminant measurements obtained inaccordance with this guide may indicate acceptable or tolerablelevels of toxic agents are present,care and judgment must s
5、tillbe exercised before concluding that all atmospheric contami-nants at the site are under control.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD1605 Recommended Practices for Sampling Atmospheresfor Analysis of Gases and Vapors3D3614 Gu
6、ide for Laboratories Engaged in Sampling andAnalysis of Atmospheres and EmissionsD4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence ofTesting and Calibration Laboratories42.3 Federal Standards:OSHA Analytical Methods Manual5NIOSH Manu
7、al for Analytical Methods6OSHA,29 CFR Part 1910 Hazardous Waste Operations andEmergency Response;Interim Final Rule,December198673.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralTerminology commonly used in air moni-toring can be found in Terminology D1356.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard
8、:3.2.1 operating sitean operating site is a location orfacility where waste is treated,stored,or disposed as part of anon-going operation.3.2.2 remedial action sitea remedial action site is alocation or facility that may pose a threat to human health andthe environment.4.Summary of Guide4.1 The proc
9、edures described in this guide address safetyconsiderations,acute health hazards,and chronic health haz-ards due to airborne hazardous materials.4.2 Monitoring concepts are described for cleanup opera-tions at remedial action sites as well as routine activities atoperational waste management sites.5
10、.Significance and Use5.1 The techniques of air monitoring are many and varied.This guide is intended to describe the standard approaches thatare used in designing an air monitoring program to protectwaste management site workers.5.2 When entering a remedial action site to initiate aninvestigation or
11、 a cleanup operation,operating personnel maybe faced with the extreme hazards of fire,explosion,and acute1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 onPlanning for Sampling.Current edition approved Feb.1,20
12、09.Published March 2009.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D484403.DOI:10.1520/D4844-03R09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer
13、 to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Adopted by ASTM as an American National Standard.51985 manual available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration,OSHA Analytical Laborat
14、ory,Salt Lake City,UT.6Third edition manual,February 1984,available from the National Institute ofOccupational Safety and Health,(NIOSH),Cincinnati,OH.7Available from the Superintendent of Documents,Government Printing Office,Washington,DC,20401.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO
15、Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 or chronic health hazards.A thorough safety and healthprogram,including a site-specific safety and health plan,mustbe in place to direct worker activity.Details for such plans canbe found in the OSHAInterim Final Rule for Hazardous WasteOperati
16、ons and Emergency Response and Refs(1,2).8Airmonitoring is an integral part of such a program.This guidedescribes equipment and sampling procedures which can beused to evaluate the airborne hazard potential so as to gain andmaintain control over the situation at the site.5.3 Upon obtaining readings at the site,a decision must bemade as to whether conditions are under control or not.Thatdecision will depend on the nature of the contaminants(toxicity,reactivity,volatility,etc.),the extent(area aff