1、Designation:D401403(Reapproved 2018)Standard Specification forPlain and Steel-Laminated Elastomeric Bearings forBridges1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4014;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the yea
2、r of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This specification covers bearings,which consist of allelastomer or of alternate laminates of elastomer and steel,when
3、 the function of the bearings is to transfer loads oraccommodate relative movement between a bridge superstruc-ture and its supporting structure,or both.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.NOTE1The words“elastomer”or“elastomeric”will be used inter-changeably with the
4、word“rubber”in this specification.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion,Section 8,of this specification:Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the userof this standard t
5、o establish appropriate safety,health,andenvironmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles
6、 for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelD395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression SetD
7、412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD518 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceCracking(Withdrawn 2007)3D573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD832 Practice for Rubber Conditioning For Low Tempera-ture TestingD1149 Test Methods for Rubber De
8、teriorationCracking inan Ozone Controlled EnvironmentD1415 Test Method for Rubber PropertyInternationalHardnessD1418 PracticeforRubberandRubberLaticesNomenclatureD2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-motive ApplicationsD2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittleness Pointof Flexi
9、ble Polymers and Coated FabricsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for TestPurposes from ProductsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 design loadthe mean compressive stress applied
10、 tothe area of the steel laminate.3.1.2 external load platea steel plate bonded to the top orbottom elastomeric surface of a bearing,or both.3.1.3 lotunless otherwise specified in the contract orpurchase order,a lot shall consist of a single type of bearing,ofthe same design and material,submitted f
11、or inspection at thesame time.3.1.4 plain elastomeric bearing pada bearing that consistsonly of elastomeric material.3.1.5 plain elastomeric sandwich bearinga bearing thatconsists of a single layer of elastomeric material bonded to oneor two external load plates(3.1.2).1This specification is under t
12、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 onBridges and Structures.Current edition approved April 1,2018.Published April 2018.Originallyapproved in 1981.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4014 03(2012).DOI:10.152
13、0/D4014-03R18.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standa
14、rd is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.6 steel-laminated elastomeric bearinga bearingmolded of elastomeric material with one or more steel lami-nates embedded in and bonded to it,and to which o
15、ne or twoexternal load plates(3.1.2)may be bonded.4.Classification4.1 The bearings are furnished in four types as follows:4.1.1 Plain elastomeric bearing pad.4.1.2 Plain elastomeric sandwich bearing.4.1.3 Steel-laminated elastomeric bearing.4.1.4 Steel-laminated elastomeric bearing with external loa
16、dplate(s).NOTE2Examples of the types of elastomeric bearing construction aregiven in Fig.1.NOTE3The adjective elastomeric is omitted in this specification whenreferring to bearing types.4.2 The elastomer for the manufacture of the bearing isfurnished in two types as follows:4.2.1 Type CRChloroprene rubber.4.2.2 Type NRNatural rubber.4.2.3 If none is specified,then the manufacturer shall useone of those types.NOTE4Appendix X1 relates to elastomeric materials which do nothave fully documented in-s