1、-ASTM D363-i 84-0759530 050494b 5 m Designation:D 3637-64(Reapproved 199-l)Standard Test Methods for Permbability of Bituminous Mixtures This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3637;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case
2、of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(0 indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope 1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the permeability of bituminous mixtures.Thes
3、e methods measure the rate at which air can be forced(pressure system)or drawn(vacuum system)at low pressure through bitumi-nous mixtures.1.2 These test methods cover four different procedures:two laboratory tests and two field tests.Field and laboratory tests can be performed by using either the pr
4、essure system or the vacuum system.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.The metric equivalents are ratio-nalized,rather than exact mathematical conversions.(To rationalize is to round completely a converted value to a popular standard figure compatible with no
5、ncritical compo-nents,interchangeable parts,or other normal sizes in a series).1.4 This standard ddes not purport to address all of the safety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and deter
6、mine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1559 Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus2 D 1560 Test Methods for Resistance to Deformation and Cohesion of Bituminous Mixtures by Means o
7、f Hveem Apparatuts2 D 156 1 Method for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture Test Specimens by Means of California Kneading CompactorZ D 2234 Test Method for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal3 E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials4 E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate t
8、he Average Quality of a Lot or Process4 t These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road and Paving Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.23 on Plant-Mix Bituminous Surfaces and Bases.Current edition approved March 30,1984.Published September 19
9、84.Origi-nally published as D 3637-77 T.Last previous edition D 3637-80.2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards.VolO4.03.Annual Book of ASTM Standards,VolO5.05.Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.02.E 14 1 Recommended Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the Results of Probability Sampling4 3.Signi
10、ficance and Use 3.1 These methods may be used for a laboratory test for mix design purposes or for a field test for construction control.When testing hot mixes,the pressure system has to be used in order to avoid corrections required to take into account the expansion and contraction of the air with
11、in the tubing and pipets.3.2 The following ideal test conditions are prerequisites for the laminar flow of air through porous medium under constant-head conditions:3.2.1 Continuity of flow with no volume change during a test,3.2.2 Flow with the voids fully saturated with the air,3.2.3 Flow in the st
12、eady state with no changes in pressure gradient,and 3.2.4 Direct proportionality of velocity of tlo;with pres-sure gradients below certain values,at which tur&lent flow starts.3.3 All other types of flow involving partial saturation of mix,turbulent flow,and unsteady state of flow are transient in c
13、haracter and yield variable and time-dependent perme-ability;therefore,they require special test conditions and procedures.3.4 The use of air for measuring permeability does not alter site conditions(or laboratory samples),thus allowing other measurements on the same site(or the same samples).Furthe
14、rmore,full saturation is more easily attained with air than water and implies much lower pressures.These lower pressures eliminate the risks of turbulent flow and reduce the possibility of any volume change during test.3.5 Through this permeability test,it is possible to eval-uate rapidly the voids
15、content and the compaction of a bituminous mixture even while spreading the mixture;that is,when the mix is still hot and there is possibility for further compaction.3.6 Scatter in the test results seems to be mainly due to the nonhomogeneity of the material rather than the per-meameter itself.3.7 T
16、hese methods may also be used for determining permeability of alike bituminous materials.4.Sampling 4.1 In sampling for mix design,select the same samples that will be prepared according to procedures in Methods D 1559,D 1560,or D 1561.4.2 In sampling for control on roadway,select the units to be tested by a random method from the material in place after compaction.452 NOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.Contact ASTM International(www.ast