1、Designation:D 4431 92Standard Specification forPaper Towels for Industrial and Institutional Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4431;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This specification covers two classes,five types,andfour styles of paper hand towels for purchasers,such asgovernmental agencies,school boa
3、rds,and industry.1.2 This specification covers virgin,recycled,and recycledcontent paper products(see X1.2).1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are tobe regarded separately as the standard.The values given inparentheses are for information only.NOTE1As appropriate,reference the fo
4、llowing test methods:TestMethod D 828;and TAPPI T 404,T 410,T 432,T 456,and T 494.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion,Section 9,of this specification.Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is t
5、he responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor Testing2D 828 Test Method for
6、 Tensile Properties of Paper andPaperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Appara-tus2D 1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper Products22.2TAPPI Standards:T 402 Standard conditioning and testing atmospheres forpaper,board,pulp handsheets,and related products3T 404 Tensile breaking strength a
7、nd elongation of paper andpaperboard(using pendulum-type tester)3T 410 Grammage of paper and paperboard(weight per unitarea)3T 432 Water absorption of bibulous papers3T 452 Brightness of pulp,paper,and paperboard(direc-tional reflectance at 457 nm)3T 456 Wet tensile breaking strength of paper and pa
8、per-board3T 494 Tensile breaking properties of paper and paperboard(using constant rate of elongation apparatus)33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions shall be in accordance with TerminologyD 1968 and the Dictionary of Paper.43.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 narrowfo
9、ld234in.(70 mm)or less in folded depth.3.2.2 widefoldmore than 234in.(70 mm)in folded depth.4.Classification4.1 The paper towels shall be of the following classes,types,and styles(see Figs.1-4):4.1.1 Classes:4.1.1.1 Class ABleached or Semibleached(one-ply)and4.1.1.2 Class BNatural4.1.2 Types:4.1.2.1
10、 Type 1One-ply,4.1.2.2 Type 2One-ply,4.1.2.3 Type 3One-ply,4.1.2.4 Type 4Two-ply,4.1.2.5 Type 5Two-ply,double delivery.4.1.3 Styles:4.1.3.1 Style ISinglefold,4.1.3.2 Style IIMultifold(wide and narrowfold),4.1.3.3 Style IIIC-fold,4.1.3.4 Style IVRoll(perforated or unperforated).NOTE2See Table 1 and T
11、able 2 for further clarification.5.Ordering Information5.1 Orders for towels based on this specification shallspecify the class,type,style,and type of dispenser.6.Chemical Composition6.1 Fiber content,or recycled fiber content,or both,oftowels supplied in accordance with this specification is to bea
12、greed upon between the buyer and the seller.7.Physical Properties7.1 The average value of each characteristic shall meet the1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-6 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.10 onConsumer Paper Products
13、.Current edition approved Oct.15,1992.Published December 1992.Originallypublished as D 4431 85.Last previous edition D 4431 85a.e12Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.09.3Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry,P.O.Box 105113,Atlanta,GA 30348.4Available from American
14、 Paper Institute,260 Madison Avenue,New York,NY10016.1AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS100 Barr Harbor Dr.,West Conshohocken,PA 19428Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.Copyright ASTMNOTICE:Thisstandardhaseitherbeensupersededandreplacedbyanewversionordiscontinued.ContactASTMInt
15、ernational(www.astm.org)forthelatestinformation.requirements specified in Table 1.7.2 WorkmanshipTowels shall be made as agreed in 8.1with respect to holes,tears,wrinkles,cleanliness,and foreignmaterials.Edges shall be cleanly cut and not ragged.Towelsshall be folded or rolled as specified.7.3 Dimen
16、sionsAverage dimensions and permissiblevariations shall be in accordance with Table 2.7.4 BrightnessWhen required,the brightness level shallbe agreed upon between the buyer and the seller.8.Other Requirements8.1 Precise defect levels and acceptable quality levels willbe agreed upon between the buyer and the seller.8.2 OdorTowels shall have no disagreeable odor,eitherwet or dry.8.3 DispensabilityTowels shall dispense properly fromthe correct cabinet when loaded in accordance with themanufacturers