1、Designation:D301697(Reapproved 2018)Standard Practice forUse of Liquid Exclusion Chromatography Terms andRelationships1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3016;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year
2、 of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONLiquid exclusion chromatography(LEC)began as“gel filtration chromatography”which isattributed to Porath and Flodin.2Wi
3、th the invention of new column packings by Moore3fororganic-phase work a new form of LEC developed which commonly became known as gel permeationchromatography or GPC.Liquid exclusion chromatography is a form of liquid chromatography(someother forms being partition,ion-exchange,and adsorption)and as
4、such is the preferred name for thetechnique;however,the reader must be aware that other names are common in the literature,the mostprevalent being those cited above.LEC differs from all other chromatographic techniques in that onlythe exclusion mechanism may be operative if meaningful data are to re
5、sult.Most other chromato-graphic mechanisms operate in essentially the opposite way,that is,with small molecules exiting first.Any combination of mechanisms causes confusion and is misleading.Liquid exclusion chromatography as used for the analysis of polymers has grown and matured sincethe first is
6、suance of this practice in 1972.Therefore,some infrequently used or“outdated”terms havebeen deleted and some modern practices(or terms)have been included.Modern developments includethe use of constant-volume pumps,use of“microparticle”column packings and much smallercolumns,and automated data-handli
7、ng procedures.In addition,SI units as recommended in ASTMStandard IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for Metric Practice are now used.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the definitions of terms and sym-bols most often used in liquid exclusion chromatography.Wherever possible,these terms and symbols are consistentwith tho
8、se used in other chromatographic techniques.4Asadditional terms and relationships are developed,they will beincorporated.NOTE1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization
9、established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of
10、Units(SI):The Modern Metric System53.Apparatus Definitions3.1 absolute detectorsdevices that sense and measure theabsolute concentration or other physical property of solutecomponents contained in the eluate.3.2 by-pass or loop injectorthe injector most common inliquid exclusion chromatography and w
11、hich utilizes a samplechamber that can be filled with sample while it is temporarilyexternal to the flowing liquid stream.It can be manipulated bymeans of a valving device to sweep the sample with eluent intothe column.3.3 collection devicesdevices used to collect discrete por-tions of an eluate acc
12、ording to a preset cycle(for example,times,volume,etc.).1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.Current edition approved Nov.1,2018.Published November 2018.Originallyapproved in 1972.Last p
13、revious edition approved in 2010 as D3016 97(2010).DOI:10.1520/D3016-97R18.2Porath,J.,and Flodin,P.,Nature,NTRWA,Vol 183,1959,p.1657.3Moore,J.C.,Journal of Polymer Science,JPYAA,Part A,Vol 2,1964,p.835.4Journal of Gas Chromatography,JCHSB,Vol 66,1968.5For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM web
14、site,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis in
15、ternational standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Com
16、mittee.1 3.4 column end-fittingsdevices that prevent the columnpacking from passing through them but which are permeable tothe eluent(solvent or solution).3.5 columnstubes that contain the column packing.3.6 detectorsdevices that sense and measure the concen-tration or other physical property of solute components in thesolution(eluate)passing through.3.7 differential detectorsdevices that sense and measurethe difference in a physical or chemical property between asolution(solvent containing solu