1、Designation:D370789(Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forStorage Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions by the Oven TestMethod1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3707;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the stability of water-in-oilemulsions when held at a constant elevated temperature.1.2
3、 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
4、te safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in LiquidPetroleum Products by Karl Fischer ReagentE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventil
5、ation Ovens3.Summary of Test Method3.1 A 100-mL sample contained in a graduated 100-mLcylinder is placed in a thermostatically controlled oven at 85C(185F)for 48 or 96 h.The sample is then examined for theamount of free oil and free water separated.In addition,watercontents of the sample at specifie
6、d levels in the upper andlower layers of the sample are also obtained.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method indicates the stability of the emulsionduring storage and normal usage.5.Apparatus5.1 Convection Oven,meeting the requirements of Specifi-cation E145.5.2 Graduated CylinderA stoppered 100
7、-mL glass cylin-der graduated in 1-mL increments.3The stopper should have avent groove to prevent pressure buildup during the test.5.3 Pipet,10-mL glass.5.4 Microsyringe,0.05-mL glass with a fixed needle,No.19gage,point style No.3.5.5 Glass Vials,approximately 30-mL size.6.Preparation of Sample6.1 T
8、o ensure uniformity of the sample,it should be mixedthoroughly before removing the quantity required for the test.Vigorous hand shaking or mechanical mixing for 3 to 5 min isrecommended for litre-size containers or less.6.2 Special difficulties arise in mixing and withdrawingrepresentative samples f
9、rom large containers.This is due to thenature of water-in-oil emulsions which are two-phase systemsas distinct from truly homogeneous systems.Vigorous me-chanical stirring for an extended period is the best means ofachieving homogeneity.However,for unstable emulsions thathave been in storage for som
10、e time,there is no satisfactory wayto obtain a representative sample.7.Test Method A48-h Test7.1 After careful preparation of the sample to obtain homo-geneity(described in Section 6),transfer 100 mL to a gradu-ated 100-mL cylinder.Insert the vented stopper.7.2 Place the cylinder in a convection ove
11、n maintained at 856 1C(185 6 2F)for a period of 48 h.Take care to positionthe graduated cylinder in the oven generally in the center andraise at least 75 mm from the bottom of the oven,to ensuretemperature uniformity.NOTE1When carrying out a number of tests at the same time,arrangethe cylinders to a
12、void developing temperature variations in the oven dueto inadequate convection.The number of tests carried out at the same timeshould,for the same reason,also be restricted.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct respons
13、ibility of SubcommitteeD02.N0.02 on Industrial Applications.Current edition approved Oct.1,2010.Published November 2010.Originallyapproved in 1978.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D370789(2005)1.DOI:10.1520/D3707-89R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcon
14、tact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3A“crows-foot”cylinder,British Standard BS 658,may be used.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocke
15、n,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.3 Withdraw the cylinder from the oven and allow to standat room temperature,21 6 3C(70 6 5F),for a period of 1h.7.4 Observe and record:7.4.1 The amount of oil separated,percent volume and7.4.2 The amount of water separated,percent volume.7.5 By means of a 10-mL pipet
16、,withdraw aliquots in thefollowing order:7.5.1 With the pipet tip located exactly at the 80-mL mark,slowly withdraw a 10-mL sample and transfer to a small glassvial.This is designated as the upper layer sample.7.5.2 With the pipet tip located exactly at the 15-mL mark,slowly withdraw a 10-mL sample and transfer to a small glassvial.This is designated as the lower layer sample.NOTE2In the event that the amount of separated water equals orexceeds 10%by volume then the determination of the water co