1、Designation:D 3565 89(Reapproved 2001)Standard Test Method forTableware Pattern Removal by Mechanical DishwasherDetergents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3565;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the
2、 year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the procedure for measuring theremoval of overglaze patterns from tableware by dishwaterd
3、etergents.It is an accelerated method that provides anevaluation of the corrosiveness of the detergents under useconditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to addres
4、s all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Material SafetyData Sheets are available for reagents and mate
5、rials.Reviewthem for hazards prior to usage.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water23.Summary of Test Method3.1 Segments of fine chinaware having an overglaze patternof known sensitivity are immersed in boiling detergent solu-tions and the degree of pattern re
6、moval is compared visuallywith the original.4.Apparatus4.1 Stainless Steel Beakers,4-L size,with appropriatestainless steel covers.4.2 Stainless Steel Supports,of wire or mesh to holdspecimens off bottom of beakers.4.3 Steam Bath or Other Suitable Heating Device,tomaintain a temperature of 205 to 21
7、1F(96 to 99.5C).4.4 Muslin or Equivalent Soft Fabric,cut into 112-in.(38-mm)squares.5.Reagents and Materials5.1 Unless otherwise indicated,water shall be understood tomean Type IV reagent water conforming to SpecificationD 1193.5.2 Chinaware Plates8-in.(203-mm)diameter saladplates,with an overglaze
8、pattern known to be sensitive toalkaline detergents.36.Preparation of Apparatus6.1 The chinaware plates are divided into segments.Thefollowing methods may be used:6.1.1 Sand blast cutting or striking at desired points ofcleavage on each plate until about eight segments of aboutequal size are obtaine
9、d.6.1.2 Notching the base of a plate using a radial arm saw,with a masonry cutoff blade,to a depth of approximately18in.The notched plate is positioned upside down and,using heavyduty gloves the plate is grasped with both hands and sharplystruck at the notches on the edge of a solid wood block to br
10、eakthe plate into eight equal pieces.6.2 Three segments of plate,providing about 40 in2(258cm2)of total glazed area(both sides)are used in each beaker.7.Procedure7.1 Prepare 0.15 and 0.30%concentrations by weight of thedetergents to be tested,each in 3 L of water,and heat thesesolutions to 205 to 21
11、1F(96 to 99.5C)in the stainless steelbeakers containing the stainless steel supports.7.2 Degrease the test specimens by first washing in warmwater,rinsing with acetone until the surface films uniformlywith distilled water,rinsing finally with fresh acetone,and airdrying.7.3 Transfer the clean,dry te
12、st specimens(or plate seg-ments)to the test solution,resting them upon the stainless steelsupports.7.4 At the end of 2 h immersion,remove one specimen.Donot dry.Proceed immediately to 7.5.1This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps andOther Detergents,and is the direct resp
13、onsibility of Subcommittee D12.16 on HardSurface Cleaning.Current edition approved May 26,1989.Published July 1989.Originallypublished as D 3565 76 T.Last previous edition D 3565 88.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.01.3After a 1979 round-robin test,the Holiday pattern made by Lenox,Inc.,wasappr
14、oved as meeting these requirements by a technical committee of the ChemicalSpecialties Manufacturers Association in cooperation with ASTM SubcommitteeD12.16 on Hard Surface Cleaning.Dinner plates in this pattern can be purchaseddirectly from Lenox,Inc.,Tilton Rd.,Pomona,NJ 08240;please specify“Forde
15、tergent testing.”1Copyright ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.7.5 Vigorously rub the decorated surface with a 112-in.(38-mm)square of muslin folded over twice,and dampened inthe test solution.Dip the plate segment in distilled water atabout 180F(82C)and air dry
16、.Retain the muslin square forrecord purposes.7.6 Continue heating the detergent solution for a second 2-hperiod.7.7 Repeat 7.4 and 7.5,using a fresh muslin square.7.8 Continue heating the detergent solution for a third 2-hperiod.7.9 Repeat 7.4 and 7.5,using a fresh muslin square.7.10 Report the results as follows:Compare test specimenswith new unexposed pieces from the same plate,and rate thedepreciation of the rubbed area of the decoration by thefollowing scale:0None:no pigment removed by rubbi