1、Designation:D310314Standard Test Method forThermal Insulation Performance of Distribution Packages1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3103;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermalinsulation quality of a package and the thermal stability of itscontents when expos
3、ed to variable ambient temperature con-ditions.It is suitable for testing packages with various internalenergy sources with or without product payloads.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this s
4、tandard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 5.3.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4332 Practi
5、ce for Conditioning Containers,Packages,orPackaging Components for TestingE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Other Standards:ISTA 5B Focused Simulation Guide for
6、Thermal Perfor-mance Testing of Temperature Controlled Transport Pack-aging33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for packaging and dis-tribution environments are found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 data acquisition unit and associated systems
7、ingle-or multi-channel recorder and its associated software andhardware utilizing thermocouples and thermistor sensors trace-able to NIST(National Institute for Standards and Technology)that collects and date stamps time and temperature.3.2.2 draft-free atmospherean atmosphere where the testspecimen
8、s are isolated from direct air currents while surround-ing air temperature is maintained uniformly throughout thechamber.3.2.3 eutectic system,na mixture or compound in whichpure solid phases changes occur at a well-defined specifictemperature.3.2.4 exterior atmospherethe atmosphere surrounding thee
9、xterior surface of a package.3.2.5 interior atmospherethe atmosphere in contact ornear the packaged item.3.2.6 mappingcollecting temperature data at a wide rangeof locations inside a package or chamber to determine thevariability of temperature range in the environment.3.2.7 package systemthe combin
10、ation of exterior package,interior packaging,refrigerants,and product payload.3.2.8 product payloadthe product and any associatedsecondary packaging that is to be temperature controlled withinthe insulated test package.3.2.9 refrigerantseutectic materials,gel packs,ice,orother material that serves a
11、s an energy source or buffer mediumwithin the package system.3.2.10 secondary packagethe package that contains theprimary container/closure system(s).3.2.11 thermal conductivity,homogeneous materialtherate of heat flow,under steady conditions through unit area,perunit temperature gradient in the dir
12、ection perpendicular to thearea.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended for use for evaluating theperformance of thermal insulated packaging used for high-value,high-risk materials.This test method may also be usedfor any product that requires accurate internal package tem-perature re
13、adings while being exposed to a range of external airtemperatures.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on ShippingContainers and Systems-Application of Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved O
14、ct.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyapproved in 1972.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3103 071.DOI:10.1520/D3103-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informat
15、ion,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Safe TransitAssociation(ISTA),1400Abbott Rd.,Suite 160,East Lansing,MI 488231900,http:/www.ista.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United
16、States1 4.2 Certainitems,suchasbiologicalmaterials,pharmaceuticals,diagnostics,and blood products,must beshipped inside temperature-controlled packages.Factors af-fecting the rate of heat transfer of the package include theinsulation of the exterior package,the energy source,and theproduct payload.4.3 Because of the variety of factors affecting the perfor-mance of a thermally insulated package,testing should beconducted with the actual package whenever possible.Whensimulated packages are used,sp