1、Designation:D 3117 03An American National StandardStandard Test Method forWax Appearance Point of Distillate Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3117;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of
2、 last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the detection of wax in burnerfuels,diesel fuels,and turbine engine fuels in the range from26 to
3、+2C.It is applicable to a dark-colored oil if the stirrercan be seen under illumination.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices an
4、d determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardstatements,see Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids2D 2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels2D 2500 Test Me
5、thod for Cloud Point of Petroleum Prod-ucts2E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers33.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 wax appearance pointthe temperature at which waxfirst begins to separate from the liquid when it is cooled underprescribed conditions.4.Summary of
6、 Test Method4.1 A specimen of distillate fuel is cooled under prescribedconditions while being stirred.The temperature at which waxfirst appears is recorded as the wax appearance point.5.Significance and Use5.1 Wax appearance point is the temperature at which waxcrystals begin to precipitate out of
7、a fuel under specifiedcooling conditions.The presence of wax crystals in the fuelmay restrict flow or plug the fuel filter.In critical fuel systems,wax appearance point may define the lower limit of acceptableoperability.6.Apparatus6.1 Specimen TubeA double-walled(Dewar-type)jack-eted tube with dime
8、nsions shown in Fig.1.6.2 Temperature Measuring DeviceLiquid-in-glass ther-mometer conforming to specifications forASTM Thermometer62C in accordance with Specification E 1,or any othertemperature measuring device with equal or better accuracyand equal temperature response.6.3 Stirrer AssemblyA stain
9、less steel wire configured inthe manner described in Fig.2 and manipulated by a motor orother suitable device in a vertical direction.The frequency ofmovement shall be 55 6 5 cycles/min with an amplitude of 506 5 mm.The stirrer shall be concentric with the temperaturemeasuring device and shall be fi
10、tted with the moisture proofcollar specified in Test Method D 2386.A No.3,two-holeneoprene rubber stopper shall be used to seal the top of thespecimen tube.6.4 Cooling BathUse an unsilvered vacuum flask havingminimum dimensions of 200-mm depth and 65-mm internaldiameter.The bath temperature,below 45
11、C,may be main-tained by refrigeration or suitable freezing mixtures(7.1).Bathtemperature is monitored with an appropriate temperaturemeasuring device such as ASTM Thermometer 6C.NOTE1Solid carbon dioxide chips(dry ice)and isopropanol is arecommended mixture for coolant.An excess of dry ice should be
12、 avoidedto prevent obscuring the sample tube in a continuous stream of bubbles.Isopropanol should be replaced daily or when low temperature viscosity isnoticeably higher than a fresh bath.Liquid nitrogen may also be used ascoolant instead of liquids cooled with solid carbon dioxide.6.5 IlluminationA
13、 150 to 230-mm long,5 to 8-W fluo-rescent tube shall be mounted behind the specimen to illumi-nate it with transmitted light.Observations shall be made withthe sample tube between the observers eye and the lamp.6.6 ClockUse a clock or other timing device readable to10 s to monitor the cooling rate.1
14、This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved March 10,2003.Published May 2003.Originallyapproved in 1972.Last previous edition approved in 1996 a
15、s D 311796e1.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.03.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.7.Materials7.1 Carbon Dioxide
16、(Solid)or Dry Ice(WarningExtremely cold,78C.)A commercial grade of dry ice issuitable for use in the cooling bath(Note 2).7.2 IsopropanolorIsopropylAlcohol(WarningExtremely flammable.)A commercial or technical grade ofisopropanol is suitable for the cooling bath.7.3 LiquidNitrogen(WarningExtremelycold,196C.)A commercial or technical grade of liquid nitrogen issuitable for the cooling bath.See Note 2.(WarningCarbondioxide(solid)and liquid nitrogen liberate gases that can causesuffocation.Contact