1、Designation:D387184(Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forPurgeable Organic Compounds in Water Using HeadspaceSampling1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3871;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the ye
2、ar of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of mostpurgeable organic compounds that boil below 200C and areless than 2%
3、soluble in water.It covers the low g/L to lowmg/L concentration range(see Section 15 and Appendix X1).1.2 This test method was developed for the analysis ofdrinking water.It is also applicable to many environmental andwaste waters when validation,consisting of recovering knownconcentrations of compo
4、unds of interest added to representa-tive matrices,is included.1.3 Volatile organic compounds in water at concentrationsabove 1000 g/L may be determined by direct aqueousinjection in accordance with Practice D2908.1.4 It is the users responsibility to assure the validity of thetest method for untest
5、ed matrices.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establ
6、ish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 8.5.5.1.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2908 Practic
7、e for Measuring Volatile Organic Matter inWater by Aqueous-Injection Gas ChromatographyE355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-ships3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology D1129 and Practice E355.3.2 Definitions of Terms Speci
8、fic to This Standard:3.2.1 purgeable organicany organic material that is re-moved from aqueous solution under the purging conditionsdescribed in this test method(10.1.1).4.Summary of Test Method4.1 An inert gas is bubbled through the sample to purgevolatile compounds from the aqueous phase.These com
9、poundsare then trapped in a column containing a suitable sorbent.After purging is complete,trapped components are thermallydesorbed onto the head of a gas chromatographic column forseparation and analysis.Measurement is accomplished with anappropriate detector.5.Significance and Use5.1 Purgeable org
10、anic compounds,including organohalides,have been identified as contaminants in raw and drinkingwater.These contaminants may be harmful to the environmentand man.Dynamic headspace sampling is a generally appli-cable method for concentrating these components prior to gaschromatographic analysis(1 to 5
11、).3This test method can beused to quantitatively determine purgeable organic compoundsin raw source water,drinking water,and treated effluent water.6.Interferences6.1 Purgeable compounds that coelute with components ofinterest and respond to the detector will interfere with thechromatographic measur
12、ement.Likelihood of interference maybe decreased by using dissimilar columns or a more selectivedetector for the chromatographic step.7.Apparatus7.1 Purging DeviceCommercial devices are available forthis analysis.Either commercial apparatus or the equipment1This test method is under the jurisdiction
13、 of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods forAnalysis forOrganic Substances in Water.Current edition approved May 1,2011.Published June 2011.Originally approvedin 1979.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3871 84(2003).DOI:10.1520/D3871-8
14、4R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the references
15、at the end of thistest method.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 described below may be used for this analysis.Devices usedshall be capable of meeting the precision and bias statementsgiven in 15.1.7.1.1 Glass Purging Device
16、having a capacity of 5 mL isshown in Fig.A1.1.Construction details are given in AnnexA1.A glass frit is installed at the base of the sample reservoirto allow finely divided gas bubbles to pass through the aqueoussample while the sample is restrained above the frit.Thesample reservoir is designed to provide maximum bubblecontact time and efficient mixing.7.1.2 Gaseous volumes above the sample reservoir are keptto a minimum to provide efficient transfer and yet large enoughto allow sufficient spac