1、Designation:D400398(Reapproved 2019)1Standard Test Methods forProgrammable Horizontal Impact Test for ShippingContainers and Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4003;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of rev
2、ision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods are intended to determine the abilityof a package or product to withstand laboratory s
3、imulatedhorizontal impact forces.1.2 The horizontal impacts used in these test methods areprogrammed shock inputs that represent the hazards as theyoccur in the shipping and handling environments.The envi-ronmental hazards may include rail switching impacts,lifttruck marshalling impacts,and so forth
4、.The following testmethods apply:1.2.1 Method A,Rail Car Switching ImpactThis testmethod simulates the types of shock pulses experienced bylading in rail car switching,with the use of a rigid bulkhead onthe leading edge of the test carriage,to simulate the end wall ofa railcar and shock programming
5、devices to produce represen-tative shock pulses.With the use of backloading,this testmethod may also be used to simulate compressive forcesexperienced by lading loads during rail car switching.It issuitable for tests of individual containers or systems as they areshipped in rail cars.It may also be
6、used to evaluate theeffectiveness of pallet patterns to determine the effect ofinteraction between containers during rail switching operationimpacts.1.2.2 Method B,Marshalling Impact Tests of Unit LoadsThis test method assesses the ability of unit loads to withstandthe forces encountered during mars
7、halling or loading opera-tions.1.3 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode onshipping and handling used for the item under test.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provide
8、d for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the app
9、licability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by
10、the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers,Packages,orPackaging Components for TestingD5277 Test Method for Performing Programme
11、d HorizontalImpacts Using an Inclined Impact TesterE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,see Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Ter
12、ms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 accelerationthe rate of change of velocity of a bodywith respect to time measured in in./s2(m/s2).3.2.2 backloada duplicate specimen similar to the testpackage or weights to simulate the other lading in the transportvehicle.3.2.3 shock pulsea substantial disturbanc
13、e characterizedby a rise of acceleration from a constant value and decay ofacceleration to the constant value in a short period of time.3.2.4 shock pulse programmera device to control theparameters of the acceleration versus time-shock pulse gener-ated by a shock test impact machine.1These test meth
14、ods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on ShippingContainers and Systems-Application of Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved Aug.1,2019.Published August 2019.Originallyapproved in 1981.Last previous editi
15、on approved in 2015 as D4003 98(2015).DOI:10.1520/D4003-98R19E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.C
16、opyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 3.2.5 velocity changethe sum of the impact velocity andrebound velocity(the a