1、Designation:D405601(Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forEstimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon andAliphatic Ester Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4056;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case
2、of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for estimating theequilibrium solubility of water and its vapor
3、 in hydrocarbonand aliphatic ester lubricants,at temperatures between 277 and373 K.The test method is limited to liquids of low to moderatepolarity and hydrogen bonding,with predicted solubilities notover 1000 ppm by weight in hydrocarbons,or 30 000 ppm byweight in oxygenated compounds,at 298 K.1.2
4、Specifically excluded are olefins,nitriles,nitrocompounds,and alcohols.1.3 This test method is recommended only for liquids notcontaining widely different chemical species.This excludesblends of esters with hydrocarbons,and lubricants containingdetergents,dispersants,rust preventives,or load carryin
5、gadditives.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establ
6、ish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D94 Test Methods for Saponification Number of PetroleumProductsD1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and RefractiveDispersion of Hydrocarbon
7、 LiquidsD1298 Test Method for Density,Relative Density(SpecificGravity),or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD2502 Test Method for Estimation of Mean Relative Mo-lecular Mass of Petroleum Oils from Viscosity Measure-mentsD3238 Test Method for Calculation
8、 of Carbon Distributionand Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by then-d-M Method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 charge transfer parameterthe portion of the solubil-ity parameter not attributed to London or Keesom forces.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIt includes hyd
9、rogen bonds,induceddipoles,and other quasichemical forces.3.1.1.2 DiscussionThe square of the solubility parameterequals the sum of the squares of the three partial parameters.3.1.2 dispersion parameterthe portion of the solubilityparameter attributed to London forces.3.1.3 polar parameterthe portio
10、n of the solubility param-eter attributed to Keesom(permanent dipole)forces.3.1.4 solubility parameterthe square root of the cohesiveenergy density(heat of vaporization minus work ofvaporization,per unit volume of liquid),at 298 K.3.2 Symbols:CACA=percentage of aromatic carbons,CN=percentage of naph
11、thenic carbons,d=density of lubricant at 298 K,g/mL,G=solubility by weight,mg/kg(ppm),M=molecular weight of lubricant,g/mol,nD=refractive index of lubricant at 298 K,RH=relative humidity,%,S=saponification number,mg of KOH/g of lubricant,T=system temperature,K,V=molar volume of lubricant,mL/mol,x=mo
12、le fraction of water in equilibrium mixture,y=Lorentz-Lorenz refractivity function,dd=dispersion parameter,(MPa)0.5,P=polar parameter,(MPa)0.5,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.L0.
13、07 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids(Formally D02.1100).Current edition approved May 1,2010.Published May 2010.Originallyapproved in 1981.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4056 01(2006).DOI:10.1520/D4056-01R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website
14、,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 H=charge
15、transfer parameter,(MPa)0.5,f1=volume fraction of lubricant in equilibrium mixture,andf2=volume fraction of water in equilibrium mixture.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Data required are the density,refractive index,andmolecular weight of a hydrocarbon.The saponification numberis also required for an es
16、ter.From these are calculated thecarbon distribution for a hydrocarbon,and then the partialsolubility parameters.These in turn are used to calculate thevolume fraction of water dissolved at 298 K at saturation.Thisis converted to mole fraction,and adjusted to system tempera-ture.The mole fraction is then converted to solubility byweight.If the system atmosphere is not saturated,the solubilityis multiplied by the relative humidity.5.Significance and Use5.1 Knowledge of the water content is import