1、Designation:D198111(Reapproved 2020)1Standard Test Method forMeasuring Color After Heating of Tall Oil Fatty Acids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1981;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of
2、last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial changes were made in subsections 7.3 and 8.3 in September 2020.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of th
3、e Gardnercolor of tall oil fatty acids after heating in an atmosphere ofnitrogen at 205C for one or two hours,depending on whetherits iodine value is over or under 15,respectively.The specimenmay be heated using either an aluminum heating block or an oilbath.This method is applicable to all tall oil
4、 fatty acids.Applicability of this method to other types of fatty acids hasnot been determined.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,as
5、sociated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally rec
6、ognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1544 Test Method for C
7、olor of Transparent Liquids(Gard-ner Color Scale)D6166 Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Re-lated Products(Instrumental Determination of GardnerColor)E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3.Significance and Use3.1 The color of a tall oil fatty acid is readily affected byhea
8、t and oxidization.Variations in degree of heat,time of heat,and exposure to atmosphere during heating have a markedeffect on the color obtained;therefore,conformity to theequipment and procedure outlined in this test method isessential to accuracy and precision.4.Heating ApparatusMethod A,Aluminum B
9、lock4.1 Forced Draft Oven,maintained at 205 6 2C.4.2 Aluminum Heating Block(see Fig.1).Wrap the outersurface with an appropriate insulating material.5.Heating ApparatusMethod B,Oil Bath5.1 Oil BathA 5-L steel beaker equipped with a mechani-cal stirrer and containing any light-colored alkali-refined
10、oilsuch as hydrogenated cottonseed oil.5.2 Heat SourceAn electric immersion heater with suit-able thermostatic control may be used.The heater shall be ofsufficient capacity so that when placing several tubes in thebath,the bath temperature does not drop by more than 5Cbelow the minimum bath temperat
11、ure and the recovery time toreach 205C does not exceed 5 min.5.3 Test Tube Holder(see Fig.2).6.Materials6.1 Thermometer Measuring DeviceA thermometer con-forming to the requirements of Specification E1 or an elec-tronic temperature measuring device,such as a resistancethermometer or thermocouple.The
12、 device must exhibit thesame temperature response as the thermometers specified inSpecification E1.6.2 Tubes,25 mm(1 in.)in diameter,240 mm(912in.)inlength with ground-glass joints(see Fig.3)and adapter.6.3 Timer,capable of registering up to 135 min.6.4 Nitrogen,a source of nitrogen capable of being
13、 regu-lated to a pressure of 7 to 14 kPa(1 to 2 psi).6.5 Bubble Counter for NitrogenAs a liquid,use a portionof tall oil fatty acid,instead of water or mercury.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct
14、responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.Current edition approved Sept.1,2020.Published September 2020.Originallyapproved in 1961.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D1981 11(2015).DOI:10.1520/D1981-11R20E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM web
15、site,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis in
16、ternational standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.6.6 Gardner Color Tubes or 1 cm CuvetSee Test MethodsD1544 or D6166.7.ProcedureMethod A,Aluminum Block7.1 Insert the thermometer into the aluminum block.Placethe block in a forced-draft oven ma