1、Designation:D 4281 95(Reapproved 2001)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forOil and Grease(Fluorocarbon Extractable Substances)byGravimetric Determination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4281;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofo
2、riginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONIn the determination of oil and grease,an absolute quantity of a
3、specific substance is not measured.Rather,groups of substances with similar physical characteristics are determined quantitatively on thebasis of their common solubility in a specified fluorocarbon solvent.Oil and grease may therefore,besaid to include hydrocarbons,fatty acids,soaps,fats,waxes,oil,a
4、nd any other material that isextracted by the solvent from an acidified sample of the test.It is important that this limitation beclearly understood.Unlike some constituentswhich represent distinct chemical elements,ions,compounds,or groups of compounds,oils and greases are defined by the method use
5、d for theirdetermination.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the estimation of oil andgrease in water and wastewater by a gravimetric determinationof fluorocarbon extractable substances from an acidifiedsample.Also included in this estimation of oil and grease areany other compounds soluble in chlor
6、ofluorocarbon-113 andnon-volatile under the conditions of test.1.2 The following two test methods are included:SectionsTest Method ALiquid-Liquid Extraction10-15Test Method BSoxhlet Extraction16-231.3 These test methods are applicable to natural waters anddomestic wastewaters.They are also suitable
7、for most indus-trial wastewaters,although certain wastes may yield lowresults because of the presence of either excessive concentra-tions of natural greases or synthetic or modified compoundsthat are not well recovered by these test methods.1.4 These test methods measure those groups of substancecal
8、led oil and grease,whether soluble or insoluble,polar ornon-polar,or biological or mineral in origin,to the extent thesesubstancespartitionfromthematrixintochlorofluorocarbon-113 and are not volatilized under condi-tions of the test.(See the Introduction and Section 3 of thesetest methods.)1.5 Becau
9、se these test methods include an acidification stepprior to extraction,soluble metallic soaps are hydrolyzed andrecovered as fatty acids in the extraction step.1.6 These test methods were fully validated by collaborativetesting in reagent Type IV water.The information on precisionmay not apply to ot
10、her waters.NOTE1Refer to companion procedures(Test Method D 3921).1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is t
11、heresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardstatements,see 12.1,13.2,20.1,and 20.5.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1129 Terminology Relating t
12、o Water2D 1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Waterand Steam in Closed Conduits2D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water2D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-duits2D 3856 Guide for Good Laboratory Practices in Laborato-ries Engaged in Sampling andAnalysis of Water and WasteWat
13、er21This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods forAnalysis forOrganic Substances in Water.Current edition approved Dec.10,1995.Published February 1996.Originallypublished as D4281 83.Last previous editi
14、on D4281 93.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.01.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.D 3921 Test Method for Oil and Grease and PetroleumHydrocarbons in Water3D 4210 Practice for Interlaboratory Quality Control Proce-dures
15、and a Discussion on Reporting Low-Level Data2D 5789 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specificationsfor Standard Test Methods for Organic Constituents33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in these testmethods,refer to Terminology D 1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to Th
16、is Standard:3.2.1oil and greasethe organic matter and other mate-rials extracted by the solvent from water and wastewater andmeasured by these test methods.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 In this test method,an acidified water sample is ex-tracted with fluorocarbon solvent in a separatory funnel.4.2 In the gravimetric portion of the procedure,the fluoro-carbon solvent containing the extracted materials is evaporatedand the residue is determined gravimetrically.5.Significance and Use5.1 A knowledge o