1、m 9009276 0022850 520 Designation:D 1345-59(Reapproved 1977)4CTb Standard Test Methods for EVALUATING ACUTE TOXICITY OF WATER TO FRESH-WATER FISHES This Standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1345:the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,i
2、n the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.1.Scope and Application guide in estimating“safe concentrations”of the discharge of industrial wastes(see Ap-pendix 3).2.Definitions 1.1 This bio-assay procedure2 is intended as a nonrefere
3、e batch method(Note i)for evaluating acute toxicity of wastes and of other water oollutants to fresh-water fishes.The test provides information on the relative acute toxicity(Note 2)of the substance tested under prescribed experimental conditions.NOTE I-Tests may be performed using a standard refere
4、nce water and reference chemicals(6.2 and 6.3).The reference water is recommended for obtaining basic comparative research data.Test chemicals are recommended for standardizing the lot of fish under test.NOTE 2-Chronic or cumulative toxicity can in-terfere seriously with the growth and reproduction
5、of organisms and may eventually cause death.This method detects only acute toxicity.1.2 The test is applicable to ina-strial waste water and to the determination of the toxicity of pure chemical compounds in water solution.Wastes having volatile or readily oxidizable constitutents(Note 3)and exces-s
6、ive biochemical or other oxygen demand(Note 4)may also be tested by this method.NOTE 3-The concentration of highly volatile and unstable toxicants may decline throughout he test.In the case of highly volatile toxicants,it may be possible to obtain more reliable data by substi-tuting initial oxygenat
7、ion of the diluent in place of the standard controlled artificial oxygenation proce-dure.In the case or readily oxidizable constituents,it may be advisable to use test solution renewal techniques.NOTE 4-A distinction is made between death due to deficiency of dissolved oxygen in polluted water and d
8、eath due to toxicity.In order to detect and evaluate the direct lethality of test material,it is necessary to maintain adequate dissolved oxygen concentrations during toxicity tests.I.3 The results of the test data are reported in terms of median tolerance limits(2.2).The critical concentration rang
9、e may be reported,also,as supplementary information(2.3).1.4 The test data is applicable for use as a 2.1 The terms acute toxicity,median toler-ance limit(TL,),and critical concentration range in this method are defined in accord-ance with ASTM Definitions D 1129,Terms Relating to Water,3 as follows
10、:2.1.1 acute toxicity-any direct lethal ac-tion of pollution to fresh-water fishes that is demonstrable within 96 h or less.NOTE 5-The lethal action includes both internal and external effects,but excludes indirect action such ai depletion of dissolved oxygen through chemical or biochemical oxidatio
11、n of the test mate-rial.2.1.2 median tolerance limit(TL,)-the concentration of pollutants at which 50 per-cent of the test animals are able to survive for a specified period of exposure.NOTE 6-The exposure period may be 24,48,or 96 h.The 24-h TL,and the 48-h TL,generally should be determined wheneve
12、r the toxicity is suffi-ciently pronounced to permit their determination.2.1.3 critical concentration range-the in-This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Com-mittee D-I9 on Water.Current edition effective Sept.IO.1959.Originally is-sued 1954.Replaces D I345 45 T.”his method is based in large
13、part on the recommen-dations of the Committee on Research of the Federation of Sewage and Industrial Wastes Associations,and it is essen-tially the same as the first one of the so-called“Auxiliary Methods“described in the report of that committee:Dou-doroff.et al.,“Bio-Assay Methods For The Evaluati
14、on of Acute Toxicity of Industrial Wastes To Fish.”Sewage and Indusrrial Wastes,SIWAA,Vol 23,No.I I,1951,pp.1380 1397.Many of the recommendations of that committee.in turn.derive directly from an earlier,more detailed and coniprehensive publication by Hart,Doudoroff,and Green-bank,“The Evaluation of
15、 the Toxicity of Industrial Wastes,Chemicals and Other Substances to Fresh-Water Fishes,”Thc Atlantic-Richfield Co.Philadelphia,Pa.,1945,p.317.(Out of print.)3 Annual Book ofASTM Standards,Part 3 1.21 1 NOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.Con
16、tact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information.m 900927b 0022853 qb7 m terval between the highest concentration at which all test animals survive for 48 h and the lowest concentration at which all test animals die within 24 h.2.2 For definitions of other terms used in this method,refer to Definitions D 1129.3.Interferences 3.1 If the toxic constituent of a waste is volatile,there is a tendency for the toxicity of the test solution to decrease throughout the duration of the test.