1、Designation:D181705(Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forRubber ChemicalsDensity1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1817;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the densityof solid chemicals used as rubber additives during processingand manufacture.It is intended for de
3、termining the density ofthe rubber chemical itself and not for the determination of theeffective density of the chemical in a rubber.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to addres
4、s all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1 Specification for
5、 ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals3.Summary of Test Method3.1 The density of the test specimen is obtained via wetpycnometry.4.Significance and Use4.1 The density of a rubber chemical is used for calculatingthe rubber compound volume,which is used to de
6、termine thecost of a rubber product.The density may also be used as a rawmaterial control tool.5.Apparatus5.1 Pycnometer,50-cm3capacity.NOTE1The weld type with the cap seal on the outside of the neck ofthe bottle is preferred because there is less danger of trapping air justunder the capillary tube
7、than with types having the ground seal on theinside of the neck.The stopper may contain a thermometer.However,thecontrol of the temperature is through the adjustment of the water bathrather than by this thermometer.5.2 Water Bath,maintained at 23 6 0.5C and equippedwith a stirring device.5.3 Pressur
8、e MeterA gage or manometer that is accurateto 0.2 kPa,is required to measure the differential pressurebetween the outside and inside of the system.5.3.1 Alternatively,a device for measuring the absolutepressure inside the system can be used.The range of themeasuring device should be at least 100 kPa
9、 for differentialpressure meters and at least 10 kPa for absolute pressuremeters.5.4 DesiccatorA glass desiccator constructed with heavywalls to withstand a differential pressure of 100 kPa and withan opening at the side or top.The desiccator should be enclosedin a sturdy box or shield to prevent po
10、ssible injury to theoperator.5.5 Vacuum PumpAn oil-filled,motor-driven pump,ca-pable of reducing the absolute pressure of the system to 2 kPa.5.6 Thermometer,having a minimum range from 10 to 30Cand graduated in 0.1C divisions.ASTM Solidification PointThermometer having a range from 0 to 30C and con
11、formingto the requirements for Thermometer 90C as prescribed inSpecification E1,may be used.5.7 Weighing BottleA wide-mouth,cylindrical,glassweighing bottle(about 30 mm in height and 70 mm indiameter)provided with a ground-glass stopper.6.Sampling6.1 Select a representative sample of the chemical to
12、 betested in accordance with the appropriate section of PracticeE300.6.2 Mesh SizeRubber chemicals are generally in the formof powders that require no further treatment.Grind any lumps,pellets,and so forth,to pass a 149-m sieve prior to thedetermination.6.3 DryingIt is not necessary to dry rubber ch
13、emicals,unless it is known that they contain sufficient water to interferewith an accurate density measurement.If necessary,dry toconstant mass at least 10C below the melting pointing but notabove 110C.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct respo
14、nsibility of Subcommittee D11.11 on Chemical Analysis.Current edition approved Nov.1,2011.Published January 2012.Originallyapproved in 1961.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1817 05.DOI:10.1520/D1817-05R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Cus
15、tomer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.Immersion Liquid7.1 An immersion liquid
16、 should be chosen in which noportion of the rubber chemical(major component,impurity,oradded component)is soluble and which will not react with anyportion of the rubber chemical.Refined white kerosene ofnarrow boiling range and low evaporation rate may sometimesbe used.Other immersion liquids such as ethylene glycol,tetrahydronaphthalene,and so forth,may be suitable.If animmersion liquid cannot be found that meets these solubilityrequirements,an immersion liquid saturated with the solublecompone