1、Designation:D397692(Reapproved 2015)Standard Practice forPreparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3976;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last
2、 revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice describes standard procedures for prepa-ration of test samples(including the removal of occluded waterand moistur
3、e)of field samples collected from locations such asstreams,rivers,ponds,lakes,and oceans.1.2 These procedures are applicable to the determination ofvolatile,semivolatile,and nonvolatile constituents of sedi-ments.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measu
4、rement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitat
5、ions prior to use.For a specificprecautionary statement,see Note 3.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D596 Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of WaterD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steamin Closed Conduits(Withdrawn 2003)3D3370 Practice
6、s for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD4410 Terminology for Fluvial Sediment3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thispractice,refer to Terminologies D1129 and D4410.4.Summary of Practice4.1 Samples collected(see Practice D3370 and Specifica-tion D1192)in the field are scre
7、ened to remove foreign objectsprior to homogenization for chemical examination and analy-sis.Large objects are mechanically removed and small ones areeliminated by sieving the sample through a 10-mesh(2 mmopenings)sieve.4.2 Wet,sieved samples are mixed for preliminaryhomogenization,then allowed to s
8、ettle to remove most of theoccluded water.4.3 Moisture determinations are made on separate samplesfrom those analyzed for volatile or semivolatile constituents.4.4 Analyses for volatile constituents are made using wet,settled samples from which supernatant liquid has been re-moved by decantation.The
9、 results are corrected to those thatwould have been obtained on samples dried to constant weightat 105 6 2C,on the basis of a moisture determination usinga separate sample.4.5 Analyses for semivolatile constituents(for example,mercury)are made on samples previously dried at a tempera-ture found to b
10、e adequate for the purpose,and specified in thecorresponding analytical procedure.4.6 Analyses for nonvolatile constituents are made onsamples previously dried to constant weight at 105 6 2C.4.7 A flow diagram,outlining typical procedures,is shownin Fig.1.5.Significance and Use5.1 The chemical analy
11、sis of sediments,collected from suchlocations as streams,rivers,ponds,lakes,and oceans canprovide information of environmental significance.5.2 Sediment samples are inherently heterogeneous in thatthey contain occluded water in varying and unpredictableamounts and may contain foreign objects or mate
12、rial notordinarily considered as sediment,the inclusion of whichwould result in inaccurate analysis.5.3 Standard methods for separating foreign objects tofacilitate homogenization will minimize errors due to poormixing and inclusion of extraneous material.5.4 Standardized procedures for drying provi
13、de a means forreporting analytical values to a common dry weight basis.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved Jan.1,2015.Published January
14、 2015.Originallyapproved in 1980.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3976 92(2010).DOI:10.1520/D3976-92R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the sta
15、ndards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.Preliminary Treatment of Field Samples6.1 The analytical
16、 sample is arbitrarily defined as that whichpasses a 10-mesh(approximately 2 mm openings)sieve.Thepurpose of this is to provide a basis for discrimination ofsediment and foreign objects or materials.Stainless steel ornylon sieves may be used when inorganic constituents are to bedetermined.Stainless steel or brass sieves are suitable for usewhen organic substances are to be determined.NOTE1For inorganic analyses,stainless steel sieves are acceptableprovided the mesh is not soldered or welded to t