1、Designation:D278202(Reapproved 2014)240/84Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of LubricatingFluids(Timken Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2782;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the
2、 case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating fluids
3、 by means of the TimkenExtreme Pressure Tester.NOTE1This test method is suitable for testing fluids having aviscosity of less than about 5000 cSt(5000 mm2/s)at 40C.For testingfluids having a higher viscosity,refer to Note 5 in 9.1.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.Becau
4、se the equipment used in this test method isavailable only in inch-pound units,SI units are omitted whenreferring to the equipment and the test specimens.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this
5、 standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warningstatements are given in 7.1,7.2,8.1,8.2,9.4,and 9.9.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2509 Test Method for Measurement of Load-CarryingCapa
6、city of Lubricating Grease(Timken Method)D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum,PetroleumProducts,and LubricantsG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Photograph of Test Blocks Showing Scars33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 extreme pressure(EP)additive,n,in a lubricantasubs
7、tance that minimizes damage to metal surfaces in contactunder high-stress rubbing conditions.D41753.1.2 lubricant,nany substance interposed between twosurfaces for the purpose of reducing friction or wear betweenthem.G403.1.3 scoring,n,in tribologya severe form of wear char-acterized by the formatio
8、n of extensive grooves and scratchesin the direction of sliding.G403.1.4 wear,ndamage to a solid surface generally involv-ing progressive loss of material,due to relative motion betweenthat surface and a contacting substance or substances.G403.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 l
9、oad-carrying capacity of a lubricant as determinedby this test method,the maximum load or pressure that can besustained by the lubricant(when used in the given systemunder specific conditions)without failure of the sliding contactsurfaces as evidenced by scoring or seizure or asperity weld-ing.3.2.2
10、 OK value,nas determined by this test method,themaximum mass(weight)added to the load lever weight pan,atwhich no scoring or seizure occurs.3.2.3 score value,nas determined by this test method,theminimum mass(weight)added to the load lever weight pan,atwhich scoring or seizure occurs.3.2.3.1 Discuss
11、ionWhen the lubricant film is substantiallymaintained,a smooth scar is obtained on the test block,butwhen there is a breakdown of the lubricant film,scoring orsurface failure of the test block takes place,as shown in Figs.1 and 2.In its simplest and most recognized form,scoring ischaracterized by th
12、e furrowed appearance of a wide scar on the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.L0.11 on Tribiological Properties of Industrial Fluids andLubricates.Current edition appro
13、ved May 1,2014.Published July 2014.Originally approvedin 1969.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2782 02(2008).This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP Standard.This test method was prepared under the joint sponsorship of the AmericanSociety of Lubrication Engineers.Accepted by STLE J
14、anuary 1969.DOI:10.1520/D2782-02R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM Internati
15、onal Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJD2509.Original adjunct produced in 1972.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 test block and by excessive pick-up of metal on the surface ofthe test cup.The form of surface failure more usua
16、llyencountered,however,consists of a comparatively smoothscar,which shows local damage that usually extends beyondthe width of the scar.Scratches or striations that occur in anotherwise smooth scar and that do not extend beyond the widthof the scar are not considered as evidence of scoring.3.2.4 seizure or asperity weldinglocalized fusion of metalbetween the rubbing surfaces of the test pieces.Seizure isusually indicated by streaks appearing on the surface of the testcup,an increase in friction