1、Designation:C157103(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forCharacterization of Radioactive and/or Hazardous Wastesfor Thermal Treatment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1571;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revis
2、ion,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide identifies methods to determine the physicaland chemical characteristics of radioactive and/or h
3、azardouswastes before a waste is processed at high temperatures,forexample,vitrification into a homogeneous glass,glass-ceramic,or ceramic waste form.This includes waste forms produced byex-situ vitrification(ESV),in-situ vitrification(ISV),slagging,plasma-arc,hot-isostatic pressing(HIP)and/or cold-
4、pressingand sintering technologies.Note that this guide does notspecifically address high temperature waste treatment by in-cineration but several of the analyses described in this guidemay be useful diagnostic methods to determine incineratoroff-gas composition and concentrations.The characterizati
5、on of the waste(s)recommended in thisguide can be used to(1)choose and develop the appropriatethermal treatment methodology,(2)determine if waste pre-treatment is needed prior to thermal treatment,(3)aid indevelopment of thermal treatment process control,(4)developsurrogate waste formulations,(5)per
6、form treatability studies,(6)determine processing regions(envelopes)of acceptablewaste form composition,(7)perform pilot scale testing withactual or surrogate waste,and/or(8)determine the compositionand concentrations of off-gas species for regulatory compli-ance.The analyses discussed in this stand
7、ard can be performed bya variety of techniques depending on equipment availability.For example,Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry(GC/MS)can be used to measure the amount and type of off-gasspecies present.However,this standard assumes that suchsophisticated equipment is unavailable for radioactive
8、or haz-ardous waste service due to potential contamination of theequipment.The analyses recommended are,therefore,thesimplest and least costly analyses that can be performed andstill be considered adequate1.2 This guide is applicable to radioactive and/or hazardouswastes including but not limited to
9、,high-level wastes,2low-level wastes,3transuranic(TRU)wastes,hazardous wastes,mixed(hazardous and radioactive)wastes,heavy metal con-taminated wastes,and naturally occurring or accelerator pro-duced radioactive material(NARM or NORM)wastes.Thesewastes can be in the physical form of wet sludges,dried
10、sludges,spent waste water filter aids,waste water filter cakes,incinerator ashes(wet or dry),incinerator blowdown(wet ordry),wastewaters,asbestos,resins,zeolites,soils,unset orunsatisfactorycementitiouswastesformsinneedofremediation,lead paint wastes,etc.and combinations of theabove.This guide may n
11、ot be applicable to piping,duct work,rubble,debris waste or wastes containing these components.1.3 This guide references applicable test methods that canbe used to characterize hazardous wastes,radioactive wastes,and heavy metal contaminated process wastes,waste forms,NARM or NORM wastes,and soils.1
12、.4 These test methods must be performed in accordancewith all quality assurance requirements for acceptance of thedata.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations,and equipment.This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with itsuse.It is th
13、e responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4C92 Test Methods for Sieve Analysis and Water Content ofRefractory MaterialsC146 Test Me
14、thods for Chemical Analysis of Glass SandC162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear FuelCycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.07 on Waste Materials.Current edition approved Jan.1,2012.Published January 2012.
15、Originallyapproved in 2003.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C157103.DOI:10.1520/C1571-03R12.2High level waste(HLW)is used as a generic term that includes high level liquidwaste(HLLW)and high level radioactive waste(HRW).3Low level waste(LLW)is used as a generic term that includes low level
16、liquidwaste(LLLW),low level radioactive waste(LLRW)and low activity waste(LAW).4For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 C169 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soda-Limeand Borosilicate GlassC24