1、Designation:C 1112 99(Reapproved 2005)Standard Guide forApplication of Radiation Monitors to the Control andPhysical Security of Special Nuclear Material1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1112;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide briefly describes the state-of-the-art of radia-tion monitors for detec
3、ting special nuclear material(SNM)(see3.1.11)in order to establish the context in which to writeperformance standards for the monitors.This guide extractsinformation from technical documentation to provide informa-tion for selecting,calibrating,testing,and operating suchradiation monitors when they
4、are used for the control andprotection of SNM.This guide offers an unobtrusive means ofsearching pedestrians,packages,and motor vehicles for con-cealed SNM as one part of a nuclear material control orsecurity plan for nuclear materials.The radiation monitors canprovide an efficient,sensitive,and rel
5、iable means of detectingthe theft of small quantities of SNM while maintaining a lowlikelihood of nuisance alarms.1.2 Dependable operation of SNM radiation monitors restson selecting appropriate monitors for the task,operating themin a hospitable environment,and conducting an effectiveprogram to tes
6、t,calibrate,and maintain them.Effective opera-tion also requires training in the use of monitors for the securityinspectors who attend them.Training is particularly importantfor hand-held monitoring where the inspector plays an impor-tant role in the search by scanning the instrument overpedestrians
7、 and packages or throughout a motor vehicle.1.3 SNM radiation monitors are commercially available inthree forms:1.3.1 Small Hand-Held MonitorsThese monitors may beused by an inspector to manually search pedestrians andvehicles that stop for inspection.1.3.2 Automatic Pedestrian MonitorsThese monitor
8、s aredoorway or portal monitors that search pedestrians in motion asthey pass between radiation detectors,or wait-in monitoringbooths that make extended measurements to search pedestrianswhile they stop to obtain exit clearance.1.3.3 Automatic Vehicle MonitorsThese monitors are por-tals that monitor
9、 vehicles as they pass between radiationdetectors,or vehicle monitoring stations that make extendedmeasurements to search vehicles while they stop to obtain exitclearance.1.4 Guidance for applying SNM monitors is available asAtomic Energy Commission/Nuclear Regulatory Commission(AEC/NRC)regulatory g
10、uides,AEC/ERDA/DOE performancestandards,and more recently as handbooks and applicationsguides published by national laboratories under DOE sponsor-ship.This broad information base covering the pertinentphysics,engineering practice,and equipment available formonitoring has had no automatic mechanism
11、for periodicreview and revision.ThisASTM series of guides and standardswill consolidate the information in a form that is reexaminedand updated on a fixed schedule.1.5 Up-to-date information on monitoring allows bothnuclear facilities and regulatory agencies to be aware of thecurrent range of monito
12、ring alternatives.Up-to-date informa-tion also allows manufacturers to be aware of the current goalsof facilities and regulators,for example,to obtain particularsensitivities at a low nuisance alarm rate with instrumentationthat is dependable and easy to maintain.1.6 This guide updates and expands t
13、he scope of NRCregulatory guides and AEC/ERDA/DOE SNM monitor perfor-mance standards using the listed publications as a technicalbasis.21.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.8 This standard may involve hazardous materials,opera-tions,and equipment.This standard does n
14、ot purport toaddress all of the safety problems associated with its use.It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establish1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear FuelCycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.12 on SafeguardApplications.C
15、urrent edition approved June 1,2005.Published October 2005.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 1112 99.2Copies of out-of-print references may be available from Group NIS6,MS-J562,Los Alamos National Laboratory,Los Alamos,NM 87545.1Copyright ASTM International,100 B
16、arr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Thu Apr 16 08:27:12 EDT 2009Downloaded/printed byLaurentian University pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.appropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear MaterialsC 993 Guide for In-Plant Performance Evaluati