1、Designation:C 1117 89(Reapproved 1994)Standard Test Method forTime of Setting of Shotcrete Mixtures by PenetrationResistance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1117;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,t
2、he year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time ofsetting of shotcrete,either in place or in shot panels,
3、by meansof penetration resistance measurements.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pr
4、iate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 403 Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mix-tures by Penetration Resistance2D 1558 Test Method for Moisture Content Penetration Re-sistance Rela
5、tionships of Fine-Grained Soils33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 time of initial settingthe elapsed time,after initialcontact of cement and water,required for the shotcrete to reacha penetration resistance of 500 psi(3.5 MPa).3.1.2 time of final settingthe elapsed time,after initialcontact of ceme
6、nt and water,required for the shotcrete to reacha penetration resistance of 4000 psi(27.6 MPa).4.Summary of Test Method4.1 At regular time intervals,the resistance of the shotcreteto penetration by standard needles is measured.The penetra-tion resistance is plotted as a function of the elapsed time,
7、andthe times of initial and final setting are determined.5.Significance and Use5.1 Since the setting of shotcrete is a gradual process,anydefinition of time of setting must necessarily be arbitrary.Inthis test method,the times of setting are defined in terms of thetimes required for the shotcrete to
8、 reach specified values ofpenetration resistance.This test method is an adaptation of TestMethod C 403,with similar definitions for times of setting.5.2 This test method is used for testing shotcrete in place orin prepared test panels.5.3 This test method is applicable to normal-setting andrapid-set
9、ting shotcrete mixtures,and different testing proce-dures are prescribed to accommodate the two types of mix-tures.5.4 This test method is not recommended for shotcretemixtures containing coarse aggregate with a nominal maxi-mum size greater than38in.(9 mm).Interference by largeaggregate particles c
10、an result in erratic values of penetrationresistance.5.5 This test method may be used to determine the effects ofvariables such as temperature,brand,type,and content ofcementitious materials,mixture proportions,and admixturesupon the time of setting of shotcrete.This test method may alsobe used to d
11、etermine compliance with time of setting require-ments.6.Apparatus6.1 Penetration Resistance ApparatusThe penetration re-sistance apparatus shall be a spring reaction-type and graduatedfrom 10 to 130 lbf(45 to 580 N)in increments of 2 lbf(9 N)or less;or it shall be a hydraulic reaction-type with a p
12、ressuregage having a capacity of 150 to 200 lbf(670 to 890 N)andgraduated in increments of 2 lbf or less.Indications of needleloads shall be accurate to 2 lbf.Removable needles with thefollowing bearing areas shall be provided:1,12,14,110,120and140in.2(645,323,161,65,32,and 16 mm2).Each needleshank
13、shall be scribed circumferentially at a distance 1 in.(25mm)from the bearing area.To minimize bending,the maxi-mum length of the140-in.2(16-mm2)needle shall be 312in.(90mm).NOTE1A suitable apparatus is illustrated in Test Method D 1558.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
14、C-9 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.46on Shotcrete.Current edition approved April 28,1989.Published June 1989.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 04.08.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO
15、 Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.NOTICE:This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information.7.Preparation of Specimens7.1 Prepare shotcrete panels by using wooden or steel for
16、mshaving a length and width of at least 18 in.(460 mm)and adepth of at least 3 in.(75 mm).Prepare one panel for each testcondition.Construct forms with sufficient rigidity to precludedislodging of the shotcrete because of form vibration ordeformation.NOTE2Wooden forms can be made using a back made from plywoodthat is at least34in.(19 mm)thick,and the sides can be made fromstandard 2-by-4 lumber.Acceptable steel forms can be made of sheetmaterial at least316in.(5 mm)(Number 7 gage)thick.7.2 If wo