1、Designation:C132215Standard Practice forFractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins inAdvanced Ceramics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1322;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of l
2、ast revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 The objective of this practice is to provide an efficientand consistent methodology to locate and characterize fractureorig
3、ins in advanced ceramics.It is applicable to advancedceramics that are brittle;that is,fracture that takes place withlittle or no preceding plastic deformation.In such materials,fracture commences from a single location which is termed thefracture origin.The fracture origin in brittle ceramics norma
4、llyconsists of some irregularity or singularity in the materialwhich acts as a stress concentrator.In the parlance of theengineer or scientist,these irregularities are termed flaws ordefects.The latter word should not be construed to mean thatthe material has been prepared improperly or is somehowfa
5、ulty.1.2 Although this practice is primarily intended for labora-tory test piece analysis,the general concepts and proceduresmay be applied to component fracture analyses as well.Inmany cases,component fracture analysis may be aided bycutting laboratory test pieces out of the component.Informa-tion
6、gleaned from testing the laboratory pieces(for example,flaw types,general fracture features,fracture mirror constants)may then aid interpretation of component fractures.For moreinformation on component fracture analysis,see Ref(1 and2).21.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety
7、concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Pro
8、ductsC242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and RelatedProductsC1036 Specification for Flat GlassC1145 Terminology of Advanced CeramicsC1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of AdvancedCeramics at Ambient TemperatureC1211 Test Method for Flexural Strength of AdvancedCeramics at Elevated Temperature
9、sC1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data andEstimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for AdvancedCeramicsC1499 Test Method for Monotonic Equibiaxial FlexuralStrength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient TemperatureC1678 Practice for Fractographic Analysis of Fracture Mir-ror Sizes in Cerami
10、cs and GlassesF109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections onCeramics2.2 NIST Standard:4NIST Special Publication SP 960-16 Guide to Practice forFractography of Ceramics and Glasses(2)2.3 CEN Standard:5EN 843-6 Advanced Technical Ceramics.Mechanical Prop-erties of Monolithic Ceramics at Room Te
11、mperature.Guidance for Fractographic Investigation,European Stan-dards Committee(CEN),20103.Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on AdvancedCeramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on MechanicalProperties and Performance.Cu
12、rrent edition approved July 1,2015.Published October 2015.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1322 05b(2010).DOI:10.1520/C1322-15.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the
13、 ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST),100Bureau Dr.,Stop 1070,Gaithersburg,
14、MD 20899-1070,http:/www.nist.gov.5Available from European Committee for Standardization(CEN),AvenueMarnix 17,B-1000,Brussels,Belgium,http:/www.cen.eu.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 1
15、9428-2959.United States1 3.1.1 GeneralThe following terms are given as a basis foridentifying fracture origins in advanced ceramics.It should berecognized that origins can manifest themselves differently invarious materials.The photographs in Appendix X1 showexamples of the origins defined in 3.11 a
16、nd 3.23.Terms that arecontained in other ASTM standards are noted at the end of theeach definition.The specific origin types listed in 3.11 through3.23 are the most common types in advanced ceramics,but byno means cover all possibilities.NIST Special Publication SP960-16(2)includes many more origin types.Section 3.24provides guidance on how to characterize or define other origintypes.Some common origin types are identified in 3.12through 3.23.These origin flaws are distributed throughout thebulk