1、Designation:C116997(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forLaboratory Evaluation of Automatic Pedestrian SNM MonitorPerformance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1169;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the
2、year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 The requirement to search pedestrians for specialnuclear material(SNM)to prevent its theft has long been a partof b
3、oth United States Department of Energy and United StatesNuclear Regulatory Commission rules for the physical protec-tion of SNM.Information on the application of SNM monitorsto perform such searches is provided in Guide C1112.Thisguide establishes a means to compare the performance ofdifferent SNM p
4、edestrian monitors operating in a specificlaboratory environment.2The goal is to provide relativeinformation on the capability of monitors to search pedestriansfor small quantities of concealed SNM under characterizedconditions.The outcome of testing assigns a sensitivity cat-egory to a monitor rela
5、ted to its SNM mass-detection probabil-ity;the monitors corresponding nuisance-alarm probability forthat sensitivity category is also determined and reported.1.2 The evaluation uses a practical set of worst-caseenvironmental,radiation emission,and radiation responsefactors so that a monitors lowest
6、level of performance in apractical operating environment for detecting small quantitiesof SNM is evaluated.As a result,when that monitor is movedfrom laboratory to routine operation,its performance willlikely improve.This worst-case procedure leads to unclassifiedevaluation results that understate r
7、ather than overstate theperformance of a properly used SNM monitor in operationaluse.1.3 The evaluation applies to two types of SNM monitorsthat are used to detect small quantities of SNM.Both areautomatic monitors;one monitors pedestrians as they walkthrough a portal formed by the monitors radiatio
8、n detectors(walkthrough or portal monitor),and the other monitorspedestrians who are stationary for a short period of time whilethey are monitored(wait-in monitor).The latter can be a portalmonitor with a delay mechanism to halt a pedestrian for a fewseconds or it can be an access-control booth or r
9、oom thatcontains radiation detectors to monitor a pedestrian waiting forclearance to pass.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibilityof the user of this standa
10、rd to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear MaterialsC993 Guide for In-Plant Performance Evaluation of Auto-matic Pedestrian SNM MonitorsC11
11、12 Guide for Application of Radiation Monitors to theControl and Physical Security of Special Nuclear Material(Withdrawn 2014)4C1189 Guide to Procedures for Calibrating Automatic Pe-destrian SNM Monitors3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 confidence coeffcientthe th
12、eoretical proportion ofconfidence intervals from an infinite number of repetitions ofan evaluation that would contain the true result.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn a demonstration,if the true resultwere known the theoretical confidence coefficient would be theapproximate proportion of confidence intervals,fr
13、om a largenumber of repetitions of an evaluation,that contain the trueresult.Typical confidence coefficients are 0.90,0.95 and 0.99.3.1.2 Confidence Interval for a Detection ProbabilityAninterval,based on an actual evaluation situation,so constructedthat it contains the(true)detection probability wi
14、th a statedconfidence.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear FuelCycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.12 on SafeguardApplications.Current edition approved Jan.1,2012.Published January 2012.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved
15、 in 1997 as C1169 97(2003).DOI:10.1520/C1169-97R12.2Note that this is a laboratory evaluation and is not designed for routine in-plantuse.A separate guide,C993,is available for verifying routine in-plant performance.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Cu
16、stomer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.2.1 DiscussionConfidence is often expressed as 100*the confidence coefficient.Thus,typical confidence levels are90,95 and 99%.3.1.3 detection probabilit