1、 X-RAY EMISSION WAVELENGTHS AND KEV TABLES FOR NONDIFFRACTIVE ANALYSIS Prepared by G.G.Johnson,Jr.,and E.W.White ASTM Data Series DS 46 Price$5.00 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 by American Society for Testing and Materials 1970 Library of Congress
2、No.71-121001 ISBN 0-8031-2006-0 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in U.S.A.April 1970 CONTENTS Page Foreword V Table I Compilation of Each Element by In-creasing Atomic Number 1 Table II X-ray Lines Ordered by Increasing Wa
3、velength 20 Periodic Table 40 Related ASTM Publication X-ray Emission and Absorption Wavelengths and Two-Theta Tables DS 37A(1970),$54.00 FOREWORD Recently developed,high-resolution X-ray detectors such as lithium-drifted silicon and germanium have resulted in widespread application of nondiffractiv
4、e(also called nondispersive)analysis as an alternative or complementary technique to X-ray emission spectrography(X-ray fluo-rescence analysis).This table has been prepared for use in nondiffractive analyses.All the X-ray emission lines shorter than 50 A*have been tabulated in two basic arrangements
5、.The first section of the table is a compilation of each line for each element arranged on the basis of in-creasing atomic number and increasing wavelength(decreasing energy)for the lines of each element.The second section of the table lists all the X-ray lines ordered on the basis of increasing wav
6、elength(decreasing energy)regardless of element.All lines shorter than 50 A*that were used in the preparation of the second edition of X-ray Emission and Absorption Wavelengths and Two-Theta Tables,ASTM DS 37A,by E.W.White and G.G.Johnson,Jr.,have been included in this table 1,2.Some of the very wea
7、k lines may not be observed in nondiffractive spectra,but most of the lines should be resolved in favorable cases.DESCRIPTION OF TABLE The table is divided into two major sections separated by a periodic chart showing the major lines of each element.The first section presents all lines of wavelength
8、 shorter than 50 A*.Data in this section are listed on the basis of atomic number(Z=6-98)with decreasing wave-length for each element.The second section gives all the lines shown in the first part arranged on the basis of increasing wavelength.The column headings and explanation of the symbols used
9、within each column are as follows:1.The two columns under the heading El show the accepted chemi-cal symbol for each element.2.The Line designation usually gives the Siegbahn notation(K a,L/3,etc.);but when that is not established,then the level designations are used to show the two levels involved
10、in the transitions.Italic numbers in brackets refer to the list of references at the end of the Foreword.3.The column (c)carries certain comments designated in the following manner:/orC R*$A X B X C X X D X E X X F X X G X X X H X I X X J X X K X X X L X X M X X X N X X X 0 X X X X where:/indicates
11、that the value was interpolated from data for neighboring elements.C indicates the value was calculated from other transitions for the same element.R indicates that the best measured value was rejected by Bearden and Burr in their least squares energy level adjustment and that the original value has
12、 been replaced,as a consequence,by their adjusted value.*indicates that this line does not represent a dipole transition and hence will be usually quite weak.$denotes a transition in which the electron in the initial state occupies a level that is unoccupied in the ground state of the isolated atom.
13、These lines have been called semioptical lines and were so designated in X-ray Wavelengths 3.However,since the experimentally observed radiation comes from a solid target(in some cases,a chemical compound rather than a pure element),the transitions can be attributed mainly to solid state or chemcial
14、 effects or both.4.The/,or relative intensity,column furnishes the relative intensity of a given line within a given series for a given element.Occasional in-tensities left blank indicate that the intensity is very weak and unknown.The unresolved Ka,a2 line intensity is given as 150,or the integrate
15、d intensity of the lines.It is impossible to assign accurate relative intensity values to X-ray lines even within a given series(K,L,M,etc.)of an element.The reason is that the observed relative intensities are dependent upon a host of experimental parameters including energy of the X-rays or electr
16、ons causing the excitation,self-absorption within the specimen,and wave-length-dependent response or efficiency of the detector.The self-absorp-tion effect is the primary basis for the observed chemical effect among the L-series lines.The La to L/3 line intensity ratio may vary by a factor of two to five,depending on the element and experimental conditions used.Nevertheless,it is important to know whether a given line can be expected to be seen as very strong,weak,or very weak.An extensive searc