1、Designation:A451/A451M14Standard Specification forCentrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A451/A451M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,th
2、e year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This specification2covers austenitic alloy steel pipe foruse in high-temperature,corrosive,or nuclear pressure
3、service.1.2 Several grades of austenitic stainless steel are covered asindicated in Table 1.1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are providedwhen additional testing may be required.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values sta
4、ted ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.NOTE1This specification is not intended to cover centrifugal pipemade from alloys containing more than 0.20
5、%carbon,such as arecovered by Specification A297/A297M.1.4.1 Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A297/A297M Specification for Steel Castings,Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel,Heat Resistant,for General ApplicationA999/A999M Specification
6、for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Wal
7、led(2 to 412-in.(50.8 to 114-mm)Steel CastingsE280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled(412to 12-in.(114 to 305-mm)Steel CastingsE446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.(50.8 mm)in Thickness2.2 ANSI Standard:B46.1 Surface Texture43.Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material to th
8、is specification shall include thefollowing,as required,to describe the desired material ad-equately:3.1.1 Quantity(feet,meters,or number of lengths),3.1.2 Name of material(centrifugally cast pipe),3.1.3 Grade(Table 1),3.1.4 Size(outside or inside diameter and minimum wallthickness in inches or mill
9、imeters),3.1.5 Length(specific or random,Specification A999/A999M),3.1.6 End Finish of Specification A999/A999M,3.1.7 Optional Requirements(9.4 and Supplementary Re-quirements S1 through S7),3.1.8 Test Report Required(Section 14),and3.1.9 Special Requirements or Additions to Specification.4.Material
10、s and Manufacture4.1 Heat-TreatmentThe pipe shall receive a heat-treatment at the temperature and time specified in Table 2,followed by a quench in water or rapid cool by other means.4.2 MachiningThe pipe shall be machined on the innerand outer surfaces to a roughness value no greater than250-in.6.3
11、5-m arithmetical average deviation(AA)fromthe mean line,as defined in American National StandardB46.1.5.Chemical Analysis5.1 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat shall be madeby the manufacturer to determine the percentages of elements1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
12、A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved Nov.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyapproved in 1961.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A451/A451M 06(2010).DOI:10.1520/A0451_A0451M-14.2For ASM
13、E Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related specifica-tion SA-451 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards
14、 Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Cons
15、hohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);specified in Table 1.The analysis shall be made on a testsample taken preferably during the pouring of the heat.Thechemical composition thus determined shall conform to therequirements specified in Table 1.5.2 Product A
16、nalysisA product analysis may be made bythe purchaser.The sample for analysis shall be selected so as tobe thoroughly representative of the pipe being analyzed.Thechemical composition thus determined shall conform to therequirements specified in Table 1.5.3 To determine conformance with the chemical analysisrequirements,an observed value or calculated value shall berounded in accordance with Practice E29 to the nearest unit inthe last right-hand place of values listed in Table 1.6.Tensile Requir