1、Designation:F156214Standard Guide forUse-Oriented Foreign Language Instruction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1562;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parenthese
2、s indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers identification of the components of aquality language instructional program and establishes criteriafor each component.This guide is meant to
3、 provide criteria forthe minimum standard for a program designed to attainspecified language proficiency goals.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 asynchronous learninglearning in which communi-cation exchanges between instructors or learners,or both,occur with a sh
4、ort or long time delay.Learners can access theinformation transmitted from one person to another at anytime.Exchanges may occur via email,blogs,message boards,podcasts,etc.2.1.2 authentic language materialmaterial produced bynative speakers for native speakers for nonlanguage trainingpurposes.2.1.3
5、blended learningan instructional approach designedto optimize learning outcomes.It is an integrated approach thatcombines to varying degrees face-to-face instructor-facilitatedlearning with e-learning activities and resources that allowsome level of student control over time,place,path,or pace,ora c
6、ombination thereof,of learning.2.1.4 class(room)hour50 min of instruction plus a 10-minbreak.2.1.5 clientthe individual or organization that engages theservices of a language training institution.2.1.6 computer-adaptive softwaresoftware that presentsmaterials on the base of demonstrated mastery of p
7、reviousmaterial.2.1.7 corpus(plural corpora)a collection of naturallyoccurring language samples compiled as written texts or as atranscription of recorded speech stored electronically.2.1.8 concordancea listing of each occurrence of a word,phrase,expression or pattern in corpus,presented with thecon
8、texts in which they appear.2.1.9 curriculum plana plan that serves as a frameworkfor the design and implementation of instruction.2.1.10 e-learning(electronic learning)a learning platformthat includes all forms of electronically supported,computer-and network-enabled learning and teaching.E-learning
9、 appli-cations and processes include Web-based learning,computer-based learning,virtual education opportunities and digitalcollaboration.Content is delivered via the Internet,intranet/extranet,audio or video,satellite TV,and CD-ROM.It can beself-paced or instructor-led and includes media in the form
10、 oftext,image,animation,streaming video and audio.22.1.11 formative assessmenta range of formal and infor-mal assessment procedures employed during the learningprocess in order to modify teaching and learning activities toimprove student attainment.32.1.12 institutionthe organization that provides l
11、anguagetraining.2.1.13 intensiveat least 4 h per day,5 days per week.2.1.14 Learning Management System(LMS)a technologyplatform through which students access online learning mate-rials and courses.An LMS generally includes software forcreating and editing course content,communication tools,assessmen
12、t tools,and other features for managing the courseand tracking student progress.42.1.15 learning resourcesthose materials and othersources of learning that are used in a language program,suchas books,software,Web content,etc.2.1.16 proficiencyability to use language skill(s).2.1.17 programa system o
13、f instruction.2.1.18 progresschange in language skill(s)over time.2.1.19 qualityconsistent in meeting or exceeding clientexpectations.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F43 on LanguageServices and Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F43.02 onForeign Languag
14、e Instruction.Current edition approved Jan.15,2014.Published March 2014.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1562 95(2005).DOI:10.1520/F1562-14.2See http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-learning.3Huhta,Ari,“Diagnostic and Formative Assessment,”in Spolsky,Bernard,andHult,F.M
15、.,The Handbook of Educational Linguistics,Oxford,UK:Blackwell,2010,pp.469482.4Northwest Educational Technology Consortium,in iNACOL at http:/www.inacol.org/research/docs/iNACOL_DefinitionsProject.pdf,2005.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.
16、United States1 2.1.20 skill modalitiesthe four receptive and productivelanguage use skills:speaking,listening,reading,and writing.2.1.21 social mediaweb-and mobile-based technologiesthat facilitate communication within and among networks ofindividuals.2.1.22 syllabus(also curriculum)a description of the con-tent of the course of instruction and the order in whichelements of the course are to be taught.2.1.23 use-oriented instructionlanguage instruction thatprepares learners to use the language t