1、Designation:F135616Standard Guide forIrradiation of Fresh,Frozen or Processed Meat and Poultryto Control Pathogens and Other Microorganisms1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1356;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case
2、 of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this guide is to present information on the use of ionizing radiation in treating
3、fresh,frozen,or processed meat and poultry products to eliminate or reduce the numbers of vegetative,pathogenic microorganisms and parasites,and to extend the refrigerated shelf-life of those products byreducing the numbers of spoilage microorganisms.This guide is intended to serve as a set of recom
4、mendations to be followed when using irradiationtechnology where approved by an appropriate regulatory authority.It is not to be construed as settingforth rigid requirements for the use of irradiation.While the use of irradiation involves certainessential requirements to attain the objective of the
5、treatment,some parameters can be varied inoptimizing the process.This guide has been prepared from a Code of Good Irradiation Practice published by theInternational Consultative Group on Food Irradiation(ICGFI)developed under the auspices of theFood and Agriculture Organization(FAO),the World Health
6、 Organization(WHO),and theInternational Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)(1).21.Scope1.1 This guide outlines procedures for the irradiation offresh,frozen,or processed meat and poultry.NOTE1The Codex Alimentarius Commission defines meat as“theedible part of any mammal”and poultry as“any domesticated bird,i
7、ncluding chicken,turkeys,ducks,geese,guinea-fowls,or pigeons”(CAC/MISC 5).NOTE2Current U.S.regulations limit the definition of meat andpoultry as listed in 9 CFR Section 301.2 and 381.1,respectively.(2,3).1.2 This guide covers the use of ionizing radiation toeliminate or reduce the numbers of vegeta
8、tive,pathogenicmicroorganisms and parasites,and to extend the refrigeratedshelf-life of those products by reducing the numbers ofspoilage microorganisms in fresh,frozen,or processed meatand poultry.The absorbed dose for this application is typicallyless than 10 kGy.1.3 This guide addresses irradiati
9、on of pre-packaged prod-uct for retail sale or for use as an ingredient in other products.It also addresses the in-line irradiation of unpackaged product.Other specific ISO and ASTM standards exist for the irradia-tion of food.In those areas covered by ISO 14470,thatstandard takes precedence.1.4 Thi
10、s standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1
11、 ASTM Standards:3E170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements andDosimetryF1416 Guide for Selection of Time-Temperature IndicatorsF1640 Guide for Selection and Use of Packaging Materialsfor Foods to Be Irradiated2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:351261 Practice for Calibration of Routine Dosimetry Sys-t
12、ems for Radiation Processing51539 Guide for Use of Radiation-Sensitive Indicators51608 Practice for Dosimetry in an X-Ray(Bremsstrahlung)1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E61 on RadiationProcessing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E61.05 on FoodIrradiation.Curre
13、nt edition approved Feb.1,2016.Published March 2016.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1356 08.DOI:10.1520/F1356-16.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM and ISO/ASTM standards,visit the
14、 ASTM website,www.astm.org,or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.ForAnnual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standardsDocument Summary page on the ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United Sta
15、tes1 Facility for Radiation Processing at Energies between 50keV and 7.5 MeV51649 Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facilityfor Radiation Processing at Energies Between 300 keVand 25 MeV51702 Practice for Dosimetry in a Gamma Facility forRadiation Processing51818 Practice for Dosimetry in a
16、n Electron Beam Facilityfor Radiation Processing at Energies Between 80 and 300keV52303 Guide for Absorbed-Dose Mapping in Radiation Pro-cessing Facilities52628 Practice for Dosimetry in Radiation Processing52701 Guide for Performance Characterization of Dosim-eters and Dosimetry Systems for Use in Radiation Pro-cessing2.3 Codex Alimentarius Commission Recommended Inter-national Codes and Standards:4CAC/RCP 1-1969,Rev.4-2003,Recommended Interna-tional Code of PracticeGeneral Principles of FoodHy