1、Designation:F112707(Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forContainment of Hazardous Material Spills by EmergencyResponse Personnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1127;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,t
2、he year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide describes methods to contain the spread ofhazardous materials that have been discharged into the envi
3、-ronment.It is directed toward those emergency responsepersonnel who have had adequate hazardous material responsetraining.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information
4、 onlyand are not considered standard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F716 Test Methods for Sorbent Performance of AbsorbentsF726 Test Method for Sorbent Performance of AdsorbentsF1129 Guide for UsingAqueous Foams to Control the VaporHazard from Immiscible Volatile LiquidsF1525 Guide for Us
5、e of Membrane Technology in Mitigat-ing Hazardous Chemical Spills2.2 Federal Schedules:32001.32001.42008.13.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 absorbenta material that picks up and retains aliquid distributed throughout its molecular structure causingthe solid to swe
6、ll(50%or more).The absorbent is at least70%insoluble in excess fluid.3.1.2 adsorbentan insoluble material that is coated by aliquid on its surface including pores and capillaries.3.1.3 gellanta material such as colloidal network or otheraggregate network which pervades and holds a liquid in ahighly
7、viscous fragile structure.Many gels may rapidly liquefywith added heat or ionic/polar addition.These materials aresoluble/flowable in excess liquid.3.1.4 sorbentan insoluble material or mixture of materialsused to recover liquids through the mechanisms of absorptionor adsorption,or both.3.1.5 thicke
8、nera material(usually of higher molecularweight)that is soluble in excess liquid.These materials gofrom dry to gummy(viscoelastic)to flowable and then soluble.The final viscosity depends only on the liquid to solid ratio.3.1.6 universal sorbentan insoluble material or mixture ofmaterials that will s
9、orb both hydrophobic and hydrophilicliquid spills.4.Significance and Use4.1 This guide contains information regarding the contain-ment of a hazardous material that has escaped from itscontainer.If a material can be contained,the impact on theenvironment and the threat it poses to responders and theg
10、eneral public is usually reduced.The techniques described inthis guide are among those that may be used by emergencyresponders to lessen the impact of a discharge.4.2 Emergency responders might include police,fire servicepersonnel,government spill response personnel,industrialresponse personnel,or s
11、pill response contractors.In order toapply any of the techniques described in this guide,appropriatetraining is recommended.5.Containment Methodology5.1 Containment equipment,procedures,and techniques canbe categorized into three general functional classes:(a)patch/plug,(b)enclosure,and(c)immobiliza
12、tion.The importantadvantage of containment is that it restricts the spreading of aspill and makes cleanup easier.Careful selection of techniquesand materials is required.Errors in judgment can lead toworsening of the situation,deflagration or detonation,andincreased hazard to personnel involved in t
13、he cleanup.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.22 on Mitigation Actions.Current edition approved April 1,2013.Published April 2013.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition
14、 approved in 2007 as F1127 07.DOI:10.1520/F1127-07R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available f
15、rom U.S.Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.Patches and Plugs(General)6.1 Diminishing or
16、stopping the flow of a leaking hazardousmaterial is desirable in order to limit the size of the spill.Thefollowing techniques may be helpful in controlling leaks,provided response personnel can use them safely under exist-ing conditions.Whichever method is used,it should be notedthat the higher the pressure inside the container,the moredifficult it is to plug the leak.6.1.1 Wood PlugWooden cones and wedges may be ham-mered into leaking containers(drums,tanks,pipes,and soforth).Softwoods in parti