1、Designation:E298615Standard Guide forEvaluation of Environmental Aspects of Sustainability ofManufacturing Processes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2986;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year o
2、f last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide provides guidance to develop manufacturer-specific procedures for evaluating the environmental sustain-ability
3、 performance of manufacturing processes.This guideintroduces decision support methods that can be used toimprove sustainability performance.1.2 The scope of this guide is constrained by the manufac-turing phase of the life cycle.The guide addresses specificsrelated to the processes and procedures wi
4、thin this phase.1.3 This guide will allow manufacturers to make effectiveevaluations during plant and enterprise-wide decision-makingwithin the manufacturing phase.1.4 This guide focuses on environmental sustainabilityimpacts,though social and economic impacts are not explicitlyexcluded.1.5 This gui
5、de addresses:1.5.1 Setting boundaries for the evaluation of environmentalsustainability of a process or processes,1.5.2 Identifying the process and equipment-related param-eters necessary for environmental sustainability-driven processevaluation,1.5.3 Creating process models using these parameters,1
6、.5.4 Utilizing process models to support consistent evalu-ations and sustainability-driven decision-making in a manufac-turing enterprise.NOTE1See ULE 880 for additional guidance at enterprise-leveldecision-making.1.6 This guide may be used to complement other standardsthat address sustainability an
7、d the product life cycle.Thisguide most closely relates to the inventory component asdiscussed in the ISO 14040 series(ISO 14040,ISO 14044)standards,efficiency as discussed in the ISO 50000 series(ISO50001)standards,and resource management as discussed inthe ISO 55000 series(ISO 55001)standards.1.7
8、The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
9、 safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1808 Guide for Designing and Conducting Visual Experi-mentsE2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Perfor-mance of BuildingsE2629 Guide for Ver
10、ification of Process Analytical Technol-ogy(PAT)Enabled Control Systems2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 14040 Environmental managementLife cycle assess-mentPrinciples and frameworkISO 14044 Environmental managementLife cycle assess-mentRequirements and guidelinesISO 50001 Energy managementISO 55001 Asset mana
11、gementManagement systemsRequirements2.3 UL Standards:4ULE 880 Sustainability for Manufacturing Organizations3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms shall be in accordance with Termi-nology E2114.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E60 on Sustainabilityand is the direct responsibili
12、ty of Subcommittee E60.13 on Sustainable Manufac-turing.Current edition approved Aug.1,2015.Published August 2015.DOI:10.1520/E2986-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informa
13、tion,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from UL,333 Pfingsten Road,Northbrook,IL 60062-2096,http:/.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Ha
14、rbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 indicator,nquantitative value or qualitative informa-tion derived from a set of parameters that provides informationabout the state of a phenomenon.3.2.1.1 DiscussionAn exam
15、ple of a common indicator isCO2equivalent emissions.53.2.1.2 DiscussionAn indicator can be used as a referencefor decision-making.3.2.1.3 DiscussionThis definition is consistent with thedefinition in Terminology E2114.3.2.2 manufacturingresource,nanyequipment,personnel,fixtures,gages,tooling,externa
16、l accessories,soft-ware and control programs,and required operational settingsused in manufacturing a product.3.2.3 metric,nmeasurable quantity on which processesare evaluated and/or compared.3.2.3.1 DiscussionFor instance,CO2equivalent emissionsin metric tons or total energy consumption in kWh.Metricsprovide a measure for which indicators can be evaluated.3.2.4 process model,nstructured representation of theinformation associated with a manufacturing process.3.2.4.1 DiscussionSee Guide E2629 fo