1、Designation:F128014Standard Guide forEcological Considerations for the Use of Surface WashingAgents:Impermeable Surfaces1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1280;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the ye
2、ar of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the use of surface washing agents toassist in the cleanup of oil spills.This guide is written with
3、thegoal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills;thisgoal is the basis on which the recommendations are made.Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered al-though these and other factors are often important in spillresponse.1.2 In making surface washing agent use decisions,ap
4、pro-priate government authorities should be consulted as requiredby law.1.3 Spill responders have available several means to controlor clean up spilled oil.In this guide,the use of chemical surfacewashing agents is considered.1.4 This is a general guide only.Oil,as used in this guide,includes crude
5、oils and refined petroleum products.Differencesbetween individual surface washing agents or between differ-ent oil products are not considered.1.5 This guide applies only to impermeable surfaces.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It
6、 is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1279 Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Restric-tion of the Use of Surf
7、ace Washing Agents:PermeableLand SurfacesF1872 Guide for Use of Chemical Shoreline CleaningAgents:Environmental and Operational Considerations3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 permeabilitythe capacity of the surface to conductor transmit liquids such as water.An impermeable surfacewould not transmi
8、t water in a short time(minutes).3.1.2 surfacethe top or cover of the land at the site ofinterest.3.1.3 surface washing agentschemical substances,includ-ing surfactants,intended to loosen oil from surfaces.Surfacewashing agents do not include dispersants.(See Guide F1872for details on the use of sur
9、face washing agents.)4.Significance and Use4.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional responseteams who may use it during spill response planning and spillevents.4.2 This guide should be adapted to site-specific circum-stances.5.Environment CoveredImpermeable Surfaces5.1 Impermeable surfaces
10、include any soil,rock,hard pan,or other natural surface that does not readily permit the passageof water and oil.5.2 Impermeable surfaces include man-made surfaces suchas paved roads and parking lots.(See Guide F1279 forpermeable surfaces.)5.3 The impermeable surface should allow for the contain-men
11、t and recovery of oil-contaminated water resulting from thecleaning process.6.Background6.1Oil and surface washing agents will ultimately run offan impermeable surface(1,2).3The environment receivingrunoff should be considered.As an example,experience withspills on impermeable surfaces included runo
12、ff into a perme-able zone and extensive groundwater contamination.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.13 on Treatment.Current edition approved March 1,2014.Published March 2014.Or
13、iginallyapproved in 1990.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1280 08.DOI:10.1520/F1280-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document S
14、ummary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.2 A laboratory experiment has shown that explosionpotential is
15、increased by using surface washing agents on fuelspills in sewers(2,3).6.3 Studies of the toxicity of natural products such asd-limonene,from citrus peels,reveals that many of these havehigh aquatic toxicities,while showing little human toxicity(4,5)The agent toxicity should be considered where unin
16、tentionalrun-off can affect biota.7.Recommendations7.1 Oil or dispersed oil on impermeable surfaces may runoff to other environments and response should be planned foraccordingly.7.2 All runoff from surface washing operations on imper-meable surfaces should be collected.7.3Surface washing agents should never be used if therunoff can reach groundwater,especially that used for drinkingwater.8.Keywords8.1impermeable;land;oil spill;oil spill surface washingagents;road surfaces;surface washing agents