1、Designation:F164613An American National StandardStandard Terminology Relating toSafety and Traction for Footwear1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1646;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of la
2、st revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology standard covers terminology used insafety and traction for footwear and related material.1.2 Words adequatel
3、y defined in standard dictionaries arenot included.Included are words that are particular to thisindustry.NOTE1The following standards are currently under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F13 on Safety and Traction for Footwear and areincluded in 2.1:Test Methods F489,F609,and F694;Practices F695 a
4、ndF1637;and Guides F802 and F1240.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5859 Test Method for Determining the Traction of Foot-wear on Painted Surfaces Using the Variable IncidenceTester(Withdrawn 2005)3F489 Test Method for Using a James Machine(Withdrawn2005)3F609 Test Method for Using a Horizo
5、ntal Pull Slipmeter(HPS)F694 Test Method for Heel-Attaching Strength of WomensShoes(Withdrawn 2008)3F695 Practice for Ranking of Test Data Obtained for Mea-surement of Slip Resistance of Footwear Sole,Heel,andRelated MaterialsF802 Guide for Selection of Certain Walkway SurfacesWhen Considering Footw
6、ear Traction(Withdrawn 2012)3F1240 Guide for Ranking Footwear Bottom Materials onContaminated Walkway Surfaces According to Slip Re-sistance Test ResultsF1637 Practice for Safe Walking SurfacesF1694 GuideforComposingWalkwaySurfaceInvestigation,Evaluation and Incident Report Forms forSlips,Stumbles,T
7、rips,and FallsF2508 Practice for Validation,Calibration,and Certificationof Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces3.Terminologyadhesion,nthe tendency of one surface to adhere to anothersurface prior to movement due to dwell time,as well as otherfactors.arch,nthe bony framework of the foot exte
8、nding from theheel to the toes and sustained by the muscles and ligamentsin the form of an arch.Also,the bottom curve of a shoe lastfrom heel to ball.barefoot,adv or adjwith the feet uncovered or unclothed;without shoes or stockings.bollard,na thick,low,short,post,often of iron or steel andusually u
9、sed in series,provided for the purpose of excludingor diverting motor vehicles from a road,lawn,or path.F1637breast,nthe forward or front face of a shoe heel.calibration,nthe set of operations that establishes,underspecified conditions,the relationship between the valuesobtained by a walkway tribome
10、ter and the correspondingsupplier reference values.F2508carpet,npermanently secured fibrous floor covering.DISCUSSIONArea rugs,mats,and runners are not considered to becarpet for the purpose of this practice.F1637clean,nfree from visible or tactile contamination.coating,na layer of any substance int
11、entionally applied to asurface to modify its functional or decorative characteristics.coefficient-of-friction(COF or),na dimensionless num-ber:the ratio of two forces acting at the interface of twocontacting solid bodies.The force used in the numerator isparallel to the surfaces and the force used i
12、n the denominatoris perpendicular(normal)to the surfaces.See also dynamiccoeffcient of friction.coefficient of friction(COF),nthe ratio of the horizontalcomponent of force(parallel to the walkway surface andpassing through the tester center of gravity)required to1This terminology is under the jurisd
13、iction of ASTM Committee F13 onPedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F13.91 on Editorial and Terminology.Current edition approved Jan.1,2013.Published February 2013.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1646 12.DOI:10.1
14、520/F1646-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standar
15、d is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 overcome the friction to the normal component of thevertical force(weight)of the object.D5859coefficient of friction,nthe ratio of the frictional force to thef
16、orce,usually gravitational,acting perpendicular to the twosurfaces in contact.This coefficient is a measure of therelative difficulty with which the surface of one material willslide over an adjoining surface of itself,or of anothermaterial.The static or starting coefficient of friction(s)isrelated to the force measured to begin movement of thesurfaces relative to each other.The kinetic or slidingcoefficient of friction(k)is related to the force measured insustaining this movement.F489contaminan