1、Designation:F257514Standard Guide forQuality Assurance in Translation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2575;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicat
2、es the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide identifies factors relevant to the quality oflanguage translation services for each phase of a translationproject.The guide is intended for use by all stakeh
3、olders,withvarying levels of knowledge in the field of translation.1.2 This guide is designed to provide a framework foragreement on specifications for translation projects.Within thisframework,the participants in a service agreement can definethe processes necessary to arrive at a product of desire
4、d qualityto serve the needs and expectations of the end user.1.3 This guide does not provide specific metrics.1.4 This guide also includes a list of specification param-eters that shall be considered before work begins.1.5 Translation can be viewed in a number of contexts.1.5.1 One is that of global
5、ization,internationalization,localization,and translation(GILT),which takes products orservices created for one audience and makes them suitable tovarious foreign language audiences,whether in the homecountry or around the globe.In the case of products or servicesthat are accompanied by or contain t
6、extual material,thisprocess must be sensitive to cultural aspects of the geographicregion and language of specific markets,sometimes referred toas locales.1.5.2 Translation can also be viewed in the context ofvarious government practices,including communicating anidentical,uniform message to many lo
7、cales at the same time,that is,not altering the message even slightly for individuallocales,and,in information gathering,retaining the originalflavor of the source text,purposely avoiding localization.1.5.3 Finally,translation can be viewed in a more generalcontext.Although much translation is done
8、in a GILT contextor for government purposes(for example,diplomacy,lawenforcement,health and human services,security,and soforth),there are many other types of translation performed forthe understanding of materials(for example,journals,letters,news broadcasts,and communications)that have been writte
9、nin another language.Some types of translation may not includelocalization.1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of informationand does not recommend a specific course of action.This guidecannot replace education or experience and should be used inconjunction with professional judgment.Not a
10、ll aspects of thisguide can be applicable in all circumstances.ThisASTM guideis not intended to represent or replace the standard of care bywhich the adequacy of a given professional service shall bejudged,nor should this guide be applied without considerationof a projects unique aspects.The word“St
11、andard”in the titleof this guide means only that the guide has been approvedthrough the ASTM International consensus process.1.7 This guide does not address interpreting(also calledinterpretation),which involves spoken language as opposed towritten language(see Guide F2089).2.Referenced Documents2.1
12、 ASTM Standards:2F2089 Practice for Language Interpreting2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 1087-1 TerminologyVocabularyPart 1:Theory andApplicationISO 1087-2 TerminologyVocabularyPart 2:ComputerApplicationsISO90002005 QualityManagementSystemsFundamentals and Vocabulary2.3 DIN Standard:4DIN 2345 Translation Con
13、tracts3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 adaptation,nlocalization procedure through whichthe translator replaces a culture-specific aspect of a product,1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F43 on LanguageServices and Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F43.03
14、 onLanguage Translation.Current edition approved Aug.1,2014.Published September 2014.Originallyapproved in 2006.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F2575 06.DOI:10.1520/F2575-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or
15、g.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036.4Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH(DIN-DIN Deutsches Institut furNormung e.V.),Bu
16、rggrafenstrasse 6,10787,Berlin,Germany.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 service,or document,such as a software utility,color,icon,orother cultural artifact from the source culture with an equiva-lent appropriate to the target culture to accommodate theexpectations of the target audience.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn some cases,the translator may haveto create or supply an equivalent when the source text refers tosomething that d