1、Designation:F268207(Reapproved 2012)1Standard Guide forDetermining the Buoyancy to Weight Ratio of Oil SpillContainment Boom1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2682;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,th
2、e year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial changes were made to Sections 3,6,7,and 9 in June 2012.1.Scope1.1 This guide describes a practical method for
3、 determiningthe buoyancy to weight(B/W)ratio of oil spill containmentbooms.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine t
4、he applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F818 Terminology Relating to Spill Response BarriersF1523 Guide for Selection of Booms in Accordance WithWater Body Classifications3.Terminology3.1 boom sectionlength of boom between two endconnectors.
5、F8183.2 boom segmentrepetitive identical portion of the boomsection.F8183.3 buoyancy to weight ratiogross buoyancy divided byboom weight.F8183.4 gross buoyancyweight of fresh water displaced by aboom totally submerged.3.5 reserve buoyancygross buoyancy minus boom weight.F8184.Significance and Use4.1
6、 This guide describes a method of determining thebuoyancy to weight ratio of spill response booms.The prin-ciple is based on Archimedes Law,which states that a bodyeither wholly or partially immersed in a fluid will experiencean upward force equal and opposite to the weight of the fluiddisplaced by
7、it.4.2 Unless otherwise specified,when used in this guide,theterm buoyancy to weight ratio(B/W ratio)refers to the grossbuoyancy to weight ratio.Buoyancy is an indicator of a spillresponse booms ability to follow the water surface whenexposed to current forces,fouling due to microbial growth(which a
8、dds weight),and wave conditions.Surface conditionsother than quiescent will have an adverse effect on collection orcontainment performance.When waves are present,confor-mance to the surface is essential to prevent losses.Minimumbuoyancy to weight ratios for oil spill containment booms arespecified i
9、n Guide F1523 for various environmental conditions.4.3 This guide provides the methodology necessary todetermine the buoyancy to weight ratio using a fluid displace-ment method.This method is typically applied to boomshaving relatively low B/W ratios(in the range of 2:1 to 10:1).Booms with greater b
10、uoyancies may also be tested in thismanner.It is acceptable to use calculation methods to estimateboom displacement for booms with buoyancies greater than10:1,where the potential error in doing so would have a lesssignificant effect on performance.4.4 When evaluating the B/W ratio of a spill respons
11、e boom,consideration must be given to the inherent properties of theboom that may affect the net B/W ratio while in use.Theseconsiderations include,but are not limited to,absorption offluids into flotation materials,membranes that are abradedduring normal use,and entry of water into components of th
12、eboom.4.5 The entry of water into boom components is of particu-lar concern with booms that contain their flotation elementwithin an additional membrane.(This is the case for manybooms that use rolled-foam flotation and relatively lightweightmaterial for the boom membrane.)It is also important forbo
13、oms that have pockets that enclose cable or chain tensionmembers or ballast.When new,the membrane enclosure maycontain air that would result in increased buoyancy.In normaluse,the membrane material may be easily abraded such that it1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazar
14、dousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.11 on Control.Current edition approved June 1,2012.Published June 2012.Originallyapproved in 2007.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F2682 07.DOI:10.1520/F2682-07R12E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,vis
15、it the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.Unite
16、d States1 would no longer contain air,and water would be allowed in atabrasion locations.For such booms,the membrane enclosureshall not be considered as part of the flotation of the boom,andthe membrane shall be intentionally punctured to allow waterto enter during the test procedure.5.Summary of Test Method5.1 Displacement MethodBuoyancy to weight ratio isestimated using two key values,the dry weight of the boomand the gross buoyancy of the boom.Weight of the boom ismeasured directly.The gross