1、STP 1427 Thermal Measurements:The Foundation of Fire Standards L.A.Gritzo and N.Alvares ASTM Stock Number:STP1427 ASTM I00 Barr Harbor Drive PO Box C700 rmJm West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 Printed in the U.S.A.Ubrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Date Thermal measurements:the foundation of
2、fire standards/LA.Gdtzo and N.Alvares.p.cm.ASTM stock number:.STP1427.Papers of a conference held Dallas,rex.Dec.3,2001.ISBN 0-8031-3451-7 1.Fire testing-Standangresses.2.MatedalsTherrnal pmpertiesCongressas.3.Protective coatingTesting-tmmumenls-Cograsses.I.Gritzo,L.A.II.Alvares,Norman J.TH9446.3.T4
3、7 2003 628.922-dc21 2002038390 Copyright?9 2003 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This matedal may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without
4、 the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy Items for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or the internal,personal,or educational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by the American Society for Testing and Materials International(ASTM)provide
5、d that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923;Tel:978-750-8400;online:http:/www.copyrighLcom/.Peer Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by two peer reviewers and at least one editor.The authors addressed all of the
6、 reviewers comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s)and the ASTM Committee on Publications.To make technical information available as quickly as possible,the peer-reviewed papers in this publication were prepared camera-ready as submitted by the authors.The quality of the papers i
7、n this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s),but also the work of the peer reviewers.In keeping with long-standing publication practices,ASTM International maintains the anonymity of the peer reviewers.The ASTM International Committee on Publica
8、tions acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM International.Printed in Bridgeport,NJ 2003 Foreword This publication,Thermal Measurements:The Foundation of Fire Standards,contains papers pre-sented at the symposium of the same name held in
9、 Dallas,Texas on 3 December 2001.The sympo-sium was sponsored by ASTM International Committee E05 on Fire Standards.The symposium co-chairmen were Louis A.Gritzo,Sandia National Laboratories and Norm Alvares,Fire Science Applications.Contents Overview Temperature Uncertainties for Bare-Bead and Aspi
10、rated Thermocouple Measurements in Fire Environments-w.M.Pros,E.BRAUN,R.I).PEACOCK,H.E.MITLER,E.L.JOHNSON,P.A.RENEKE,AND L.G.BLEVINS Suggestions Towards Improved Reliability of Thermocouple Temperature Measurement in Combustion Tests-j.c.JONES Understanding the Systematic Error of a Mineral Insulate
11、d,Metal-Sheathed(MIMS)Thermocouple Attached to a Heated Flat Surface-J.NAKOS Calibration of a Heat Flux Sensor up to 200 kW/m2 in a Spherical Blackbody Cavity-A.v.MURTHY,B.K.TSAI,AND R.D.SAUNDERS Angular Sensitivity of Heat Flux Gauges-R.L.APLERT,L.ORLOFF,AND J.L.DE mS Sandia Heat Flux Gauge Thermal
12、 Response and Uncertainty Models-w.GILL,T.BLANCHAT,AND L.HUMPRIES Uncertainty of Heat Transfer Measurements in an Engulfing Pool Fire-M.A.KRAMER,M.GREINER,J.A.KOSKI,AND C.LOPEZ Fire Safety Test Furnace Characterization Unit-N.KELTNER,L.NASH,J.BEITAL,A.PARKER,S.WALSH,AND B.GILDA Variability in Oxygen
13、 Consumption Caliometry Tests-M.L.JANSSENS Thermal Measurements for Fire Fighters Protective Clothing-J.R.LAWSON AND R.L.VETTOR1 The Difference Between Measured and Stored Minimum Ignition Energies of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Spray at Elevated Temperatures-K.STAGGS,NORMAN J.ALVARES AND D.GREENWOOD vii 16
14、32 51 67 81 111 128 147 163 178 Overview This book represents the work of presenters at the Symposium Thermal Measurements:The Foundation of Fire Standards held on December 3,2001,as part of the E-5 Fire Standards Committee meeting in Dallas,Texas.Presentations provided information on recent advance
15、s in measurements and addressed several significant challenges associated with performing thermal measurements as part of fire standards development,testing and analysis of test results.The testing environment and the results of fire standards tests are almost always based on one or more thermal mea
16、surements.Measurements of importance include temperature,heat flux,calorimetry,and gas species concentra-tions.These measurements are also of primary importance to the experimental validation of computer models of fire and material response.The widespread application of thermal measurements,their importance to fire standards,and re-cent technical advances in diagnostic development motivated the organization of this ASTM sympo-sium.The papers contained in this publication represent the commitment