1、Designation:F228104(Reapproved 2012)Standard Specification forStainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Bolts,Hex Cap Screws,andStuds,for Heat Resistance and High TemperatureApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2281;the number immediately following the designation indicates the y
2、ear oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanicalrequire
3、ments for stainless steel and nickel alloy bolts,hex capscrews,and studs,14in.diameter and larger,intended for useat temperatures up to 1800F(982C),and in applicationswhere resistance to heat and the effects of high temperature areto be considered.See Appendix X1 for Service Application.Awide variet
4、y of materials are covered in this specificationwhich can be used at high temperatures as a function of thespecific alloy properties,as well as environmental require-ments including corrosive environments.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in par
5、entheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
6、 safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to IntergranularAttack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA342/
7、A342M Test Methods for Permeability of FeeblyMagnetic MaterialsA380 Practice for Cleaning,Descaling,and Passivation ofStainless Steel Parts,Equipment,and SystemsA484/A484M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Bars,Billets,and ForgingsA493 Specification for Stainless Steel Wire a
8、nd Wire Rodsfor Cold Heading and Cold ForgingA564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining StainlessSteel BarsA751 Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsB637
9、Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and ColdWorked Nickel Alloy Bars,Forgings,and Forging Stockfor Moderate or High Temperature ServiceB880 Specification for General Requirements for ChemicalCheck Analysis Limits for Nickel,Nickel Alloys andCobalt AlloysD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE
10、21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests ofMetallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-CopperAlloys(Withdrawn 2003)3E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep,Creep-Rupt
11、ure,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsE292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture NotchTension Tests of MaterialsE353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless,Heat-Resisting,Maraging,and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron AlloysE354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High
12、-Temperature,Electrical,Magnetic,and Other Similar Iron,Nickel,and Cobalt AlloysF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers,Direct Tension Indicators,and RivetsF788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts,Screws
13、,and Studs,Inch and Metric Series1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.04 on NonferrousFasteners.Current edition approved April 1,2012.Published May 2012.Originallyapproved in 2003.Last previous edition ap
14、proved in 2004 as F2281 04.DOI:10.1520/F2281-04R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last appro
15、ved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance Inspection2.2 ASME Standards:B1
16、.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads4B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws,(Inch Series)43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 heat resistanceextent to which a material retainsuseful properties as measured during exposure of the materialto a specified temperature and environment for a specifiedtime.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 high temperaturedefined solely for the purpose ofthis document as a range in temperature from 500F(260C)to1800F(982C).Materials listed as high temperat