1、Designation:F246412(Reapproved 2018)Standard Guide forCleaning of Various Oiled Shorelines and Habitats1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2464;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revisi
2、on.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide provides information on shoreline types andsensitive habitats that can be used as guidance for selectingappropriate cleanin
3、g techniques following an oil spill.Thisguide does not address protected archaeological,historical,orcultural sites.1.2 This guides emphasis is on typical physical and bio-logical attributes of coastal and inland habitats that could be atrisk from oil spills.It reviews and encompasses the entirespec
4、trum of shoreline types representing a wide range ofsensitivities.It is largely based on NOAAs and APIs publi-cations listed in Section 2.1.3 This guide provides only very broad guidance oncleaning strategies for the various habitats.For more in-depthguidance,the reader is referred to Section 2,Refe
5、rencedDocuments.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to es
6、tablish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles
7、 for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2205 Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use ofChemical Dispersants in Oil Spill Response:Trop
8、icalEnvironments2.2 Other Publications:API Publication 4706 Environmental Considerations forMarine Oil Spill Response,20013API and NOAA 4558 Options for Minimizing Environmen-tal Impacts of Freshwater Spill Response,19953NOAA Characteristic Coastal Habitats,Choosing Spill Re-sponse Alternatives,June
9、 201043.Significance and Use3.1 One of the key considerations in making sound cleanupdecisions for oiled shorelines is the relative sensitivity of theimpacted area.Some areas are very sensitive and certaincleaning methods could cause more harm than benefit.In suchcases,natural recovery will be the p
10、referred approach.In othercases,depending on the type of oil,the amount of oil presentmay be so extensive that recovery will be significantly delayedor not occur at all unless active intervention is carried out.3.2 This guide presents summary information taken frompublications listed in Section 2 on
11、 the relative physical andbiological sensitivities of shorelines for coastal and inlandhabitats.Use this guide together with the referenced publica-tions and ASTM guides to make informed decisions prior toundertaking cleaning operations.Consult appropriate govern-ment agencies according to law.3.3 T
12、he relative sensitivities of shorelines and resourcesrelate to a number of factors:3.3.1 Shoreline type(substrate,grain size,tidal elevation,etc.),3.3.2 Biological productivity,diversity and vulnerability,3.3.3 Exposure to wave and tidal energy,and3.3.4 Ability to conduct cleanup without further dam
13、age.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.17 on Shoreline and Inland Countermeasures.Current edition approved Oct.1,2018.Published November 2018.Originallyapproved in 2005.Last pre
14、vious edition approved in 2012 as F2464 12.DOI:10.1520/F2464-12R18.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website
15、.3Available from American Petroleum Institute(API),1220 L.St.,NW,Washington,DC 20005-4070,http:/www.api.org.4Available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA),14th St.and Constitution Ave.,NW,Room 6217,Washington,DC 20230.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO B
16、ox C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 4.Description and Relative Sensitivity of Shorelines4.1 This section summarizes the types of shorelines andhabitats that may be imp