1、哈尔滨医药 2023 年 2 月第 43 卷第 1 期哈尔滨医药 2023 年 2 月第 43 卷第 1 期髋部骨折常发于老年人,多由直接或间接暴力导致,患者表现为髋部疼痛、下肢活动受限等症状,严重影响生活质量1。髋部骨折以手术治疗为主,可恢复错位骨折,但由于老年人身体机能衰退,术后恢复较慢,需寻求有效的康复治疗方案。祖国医学认为,髋部骨折归属于“痹证”范畴,多因年老体衰,肝肾不足,筋骨失养,致气血不畅,经络痹阻而得病,治疗应以补肾止痛、养血化瘀为主2。补肾化瘀汤具有补肾化瘀、活血止痛的功效,符合上述治疗原则。中药熏洗是通过将中草药以熏蒸的形式治补肾化瘀汤联合中药熏洗在老年髋部骨折术后肾虚血瘀
2、证患者中的应用高雷(西华中医骨科医院,河南 周口 466600)摘要目的探讨补肾化瘀汤联合中药熏洗在老年髋部骨折术后肾虚血瘀证患者中的应用价值。方法选取 84 例行手术治疗的髋部骨折患者作为研究对象,根据门诊号单双号分为对照组(单号)和观察组(双号),各 42 例;对照组术后采用补肾化瘀汤治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用中药熏洗治疗,均治疗 2 个月。比较两组治疗前和治疗 2 个月中医证候积分;记录两组术后恢复情况(患肢消肿时间、骨折愈合时间和完全负重时间);比较两组治疗前、治疗 2 个月髋关节功能采用 Harris 髋关节功能评分(Harris 评分)评估和日常生活能力采用改良 Barthel
3、 指数量表(MBI)评估。结果治疗 2 个月,两组中医证候总积分比治疗前低,且观察组比对照组低(P0.05);观察组患肢消肿时间、骨折愈合时间和完全负重时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗 2 个月,两组 Harris 评分比治疗前高,观察组比对照组高(P0.05);治疗 2 个月,两组 MBI 评分比治疗前高,观察组比对照组高(P0.05)。结论补肾化瘀汤联合中药熏洗应用在老年髋部骨折术后肾虚血瘀证患者中,可降低中医证候积分,促进术后恢复,改善髋关节功能,提高日常生活能力。关键词髋部骨折;补肾化瘀汤;中药熏洗;髋关节功能;日常生活能力中图分类号R683.42文献标识码A学科
4、分类代码:32027文章编码:1001-8131(2023)01-0116-03DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8131.2023.01.046Application of Bushen Huayu Decoction Combined With TraditionalChinese Medicine Fumigation in Elderly Patients With Kidney Deficiencyand Blood Stasis Syndrome After Hip Fracture SurgeryGao Lei(Xihua Traditional Chinese M
5、edicine Orthopedic Hospital,Zhoukou 466600,China)AbstractObjectiveTo explore the application value of Bushen Huayu Decoction Combined with traditional Chinesemedicine fumigation in elderly patients with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome after hip fracture surgery.Methods84patients with hip
6、 fractures treated surgically were selected as the research object,According to the outpatient number,singleand double numbers were divided into control group(single number)and observation group(double number),with 42 cases ineach group;the control group was treated with Bushen Huayu decoction after
7、 operation,and the observation group was treatedwith traditional Chinese medicine fumigation on the basis of the control group for 2 months.The TCM syndrome scores of thetwo groups before and 2 months after treatment were compared,and the postoperative recovery of the two groups wererecorded(swellin
8、g elimination time of affected limb,fracture healing time and complete weight-bearing time);hip function assessed by Harris hip function score(Harris score)and activities of daily livingassessed by modified Barthel Index(MBI)were compared between the two groups before and 2 months after treatment.Re
9、sultsAfter 2 months of treatment,the totalscore of TCM syndromes in the two groups was lower than that before treatment,and the observation group was lower thanthat in the control group(P0.05);the swelling elimination time,fracture healing time and complete weight-bearing time ofthe affected limb in
10、 the observation group were shorter than those in the control group,and the difference was statisticallysignificant(P0.05);after 2 months of treatment,the Harris score of the two groups was higher than that before treatment,andthat of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P
11、0.05)。1.2方法:两组术后均接受抗感染、止痛、预防并发症、饮食及运动指导等常规干预方案。对照组采用补肾化瘀汤治疗,药方:木香 3g、肉苁蓉 20g、熟地 30g、盐杜仲 12g、牛膝 15g、狗脊 9g、黄芪 15g、白芍 15g、淫羊藿 9g、鸡血藤 30g、红花 9g、白芍 15g,由医院药房代为煎煮,1 剂/d,分早晚 2 次温服。连续治疗 2 个月。观察组在对照组基础上采用中药熏洗,药方:白芍 30g、丁香 15g、羌活 20g、黄芪 30g、威灵仙 20g、甘草 10g、芥子 15g、木瓜 20g、桂枝30g、细辛 10g、独活 20g、当归 10g。用纱布将上述药物包裹好放于
12、清水中煮沸,取药液倒入盆内,将患侧外罩湿毛巾置于盆上,利用蒸汽熏蒸髋关节,再等水温降低后用湿毛巾蘸药液清洗患处。1 次/d,连续治疗 2 个月。1.3评价指标:中医证候积分:于治疗前、治疗 2个月时,根据 中药新药临床研究指导原则6判定两组患者中医证候积分:主症按无、轻、中、重程度分别记为 0、2、4、6 分,次症按无、轻、中、重程度分别记为 0、1、2、3 分,舌脉正常记 0 分,不正常记 1分,共 28 分,分值越高说明症状越严重;术后恢复情况:统计两组患肢消肿时间、骨折愈合时间和完全负重时间;髋关节功能:于治疗前、治疗 2 个月,依据 Harris 髋关节功能评分(Harris hip
13、score,Harris)7评估两组患者髋关节功能:含 4 个维度,总分 100 分,分值越低说明髋关节功能恢复越差;日常生活能力:依据改良 Barthel 指数量表(Modified barthel index scale,MBI)8判定两组治疗前、治疗 2 个月日常生活能力:含 10 个项目,共 100 分,分值越低说明日常生活能力越差。1.4统计学方法:运用 SPSS 25.0 软件进行数据处理,计量资料均经 Shapiro-Wilk 正态性检验,符合正态分布的计量资料以“xs”表示,组间用独立样本 t 检验,组内用配对样本 t 检验,计数资料用%和n 表示,采用 2检验,P0.05);
14、两组治疗 2 个月中医证候总积分低于治疗前,观察组低于对照组(P0.05),详见表 1。表 1中医证候总积分对比(xs)2.2 术后恢复情况:观察组患肢消肿时间、骨折愈合时间和完全负重时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组治疗 2 个月 Harris 评分比治疗前高,观察组比对照组高(P0.05);两组治疗 2 个月 MBI 评分比治疗前高,观察组比对照组高(P0.05),详见表 4。表 4MBI 评分对比(xs)组别n治疗前治疗 2 个月观察组4220.252.429.521.31对照组4220.132.38 13.091.68t-0.22910.860P-0.8190.00
15、1t41.26626.171-P0.0010.001-组别n患肢消肿时间骨折愈合时间完全负重时间观察组420.860.158.431.519.361.62对照组421.250.3411.542.2312.232.36t-6.8017.4846.498P-0.0010.0010.001组别n治疗前治疗 2 个月观察组4252.663.3175.235.61对照组4252.253.2764.515.07t-0.5715.760P-0.5700.001t45.22840.485-P0.0010.001-组别n治疗前治疗 2 个月观察组4254.753.5880.125.72对照组4255.033.6
16、475.395.15t-0.3555.667P-0.7230.001t43.91636.498-P0.0010.001-117哈尔滨医药 2023 年 2 月第 43 卷第 1 期哈尔滨医药 2023 年 2 月第 43 卷第 1 期3讨论髋骨骨折在我国古籍有诸多记载,其中 素问 痹论 记载:“五脏皆有合,病久而不去者,内舍于其合也。故骨痹不已,复感于邪,内舍于肾”,说明痹证多因年老久病,肝肾不足,肢体经脉失养,加之手术后创伤,导致气血不足,外邪趁虚而入,气血运行不畅,瘀滞于肢体筋脉而致,治疗应以补益肝肾、养血除淤为主9。补肾化瘀汤中,熟地可滋阴补血;鸡血藤可活血补血、舒筋活络;当归可补血活血、调经止痛;白芍可养血调经、柔肝止痛;红花可活血通经、散瘀止痛;五药共用,可起到活血养血、通经止痛的功效;肉苁蓉可补肾益精;盐杜仲可补益肝肾;狗脊可补益肝肾;黄芪可补气固表;木香可行气止痛;五药合用,具有补益肝肾的作用,与上述养血、通经止痛药物合用,共起补益肝肾、活血祛瘀的功效;牛膝可强筋益骨、逐瘀通经;淫羊藿可补肾强骨;二药合用,具有强筋益骨功效;诸药合用,共起补肾化瘀、活血止痛、强筋益骨的作用