1、2023年届中考语法专练之名词及名词短语讲解及配套真题一名词名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-
2、esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroe
3、s, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不规则名词复数：
4、英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, 4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, couple, group, governme
5、nt, population, team, public, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglish
6、men, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servantsIII. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys fa
7、ther, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas
8、problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示时间todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然现象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示国家城市等地方的名词the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群体the ships crew, majoritys vi
9、ew, the teams victory5表示度量衡及价值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定词组a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year s
10、tudents用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 1. Betty has a beautiful _. She wants to be a singer in the future. (2023年.江苏淮安) A. voice B. look C. noise D. sound2.- What should we do for the camping trip? - Wed better make a of things like foods, drinks, medicine and so on. （2023年福建）A. listB. cardC.
11、report3. Which word goes with the sound?(2023年甘肃兰州)A. snackB. smileC. stateD. snake4. Look! They are . (2023年甘肃天水)Yes. We are proud of them.A. man scientist B. women scientists C. woman scientists D.man scientists5-Here is my family_.We took it last year. 2023年甘肃敦煌)A.member B.name C.photo D.house6（1
12、分）Id like some_and_（2023年广西百色）Abanana； tomatoBbananas； tomatoCbananas； tomatoesDbanana； tomatoes7（1分）In China， the color red is the _of good luck (2023年广西北部湾)AdreamBwayCsymbolDreason8（1分）The air is very fresh in our city There is less than beforeYes The government has taken action to protect the env
13、ironment (2023年广西贵港)AwoodBpollutionCnoiseDwater9. Im not hungry at all because I have just had much _.(2023年 广西 柳州) A. bread B. pearsC. eggs10（1分）Jane is very thirsty， so she needs some (2023年 贵州 黔南州)AwaterBbreadCcakesDrice11（1分）My cousin and I often walk to the_to see pandas on weekends (2023年 海南)A
14、bankBzooCmarket12（1分）Would you please_your email address？ I missed it just now(2023年 海南)No problemIts fox163comArepeatBreviewCrecord13. I like this song. Its by one of my favorite_.(2023年河北)A. singers B. dancers C. painters D. writers14For his sons birthday, Steven is taking him to the new movie as a . (2023年 河南)A. taskB. treatC.choiceD. visit15.The problems are difficult to solve.Please give