1、河南农业科学，2023，52（1）：154160Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciencesdoi：10.15933/ki.10043268.2023.01.016人工饲料和桑叶对家蚕机体3种代谢酶活性的影响王永生1，2，朱水芬1，2，陈松1，2，陈云明1，2，江亚1，2，范永慧1，杨启慧1，2，李琼艳1，杨海1，2（1.云南省农业科学院 蚕桑蜜蜂研究所，云南 蒙自 661101；2.云南省蚕桑育种及高效生产工程研究中心，云南 蒙自 661101）摘要：为明确人工饲料和桑叶饲育对蚕体代谢酶活性的影响，自五龄起蚕开始用人工饲料和桑叶分组饲养家蚕，采用分光光度法检测
2、家蚕中肠组织和血淋巴中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、羧酸酯酶（CarE）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）的活性变化。结果显示，人工饲料组家蚕的血淋巴ALP活性无显著变化，而桑叶组血淋巴ALP活性呈现逐渐增强的趋势；在60 h和72 h，桑叶组的ALP活性显著高于人工饲料组。桑叶组和人工饲料组血淋巴CarE活性均随时间的延长逐渐增强，其中人工饲料组CarE活性略高于桑叶组，但差异不显著。在12 h和24 h，桑叶组血淋巴AchE活性略低于人工饲料组；在36 h，桑叶组血淋巴AchE活性开始升高，并且在48、60、72 h持续高于人工饲料组，AchE活性分别是人工饲料组的1.52、1.64、1.71倍。桑叶组家
3、蚕中肠ALP活性在36 h开始显著高于人工饲料组，并随着时间的推移持续升高，在72 h，酶活性极显著高于人工饲料组，酶活性为人工饲料组的2.13倍。人工饲料组中肠CarE活性在24 h开始显著高于桑叶组，在60 h达到最高值，为桑叶组的2.61倍；在72 h，CarE活性有下降的趋势，但仍显著高于桑叶组。桑叶组家蚕中肠AchE活性在12 h开始显著高于人工饲料组，在2448 h桑叶组AchE活性继续增强；在60、72 h，AchE活性极显著高于人工饲料组，分别为人工饲料组的2.68、2.84倍。综合分析可知，喂食人工饲料家蚕血淋巴和中肠ALP和AchE活性均显著低于桑叶组，而中肠CarE活性显
4、著高于桑叶组，提示人工饲料在一定程度上影响家蚕的代谢生理，降低蚕体抵抗不良环境的能力。关键词：人工饲料；桑叶；家蚕；代谢酶活性；不同组织中图分类号：S883.9文献标志码：A文章编号：1004-3268（2023）01-0154-07收稿日期：2022-06-29基金项目：云南省科学技术厅重大科技专项与重点研发计划项目（202102AE090010）；云南省科学技术厅技术创新引导专项（202104BI090016）作者简介：王永生（1987-），男，云南建水人，助理研究员，主要从事家蚕人工饲料适应性品种选育及家蚕人工饲料选育技术研究。E-mail：通信作者：杨海（1985-），男，云南个旧人，
5、助理研究员，硕士，主要从事蚕桑遗传育种及推广应用。E-mail：Effects of Artificial Diet and Mulberry Leaves on Activities of ThreeMetabolic Enzymes in Bombyx moriWANG Yongsheng1，2，ZHU Shuifen1，2，CHEN Song1，2，CHEN Yunming1，2，JIANG Ya1，2，FAN Yonghui1，YANG Qihui1，2，LI Qiongyan1，YANG Hai1，2（1.Sericulture and Apiculture Research Ins
6、titute，Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Mengzi 661101，China；2.Yunnan Sericulture Breeding and Efficient Production Engineering Research Center，Mengzi 661101，China）Abstract：In order to clarify the effects of artificial diet and mulberry leaves on the activities of metabolicenzymes in silkworm，
7、the spectrophotometry was used to detect the changes of alkaline phosphatase第 1 期（ALP），carboxylesterases（CarE）and acetylcholinesterase（AchE）activities in hemolymph and midgut ofBombyx mori after reared with artificial diet and mulberry leaves from the fifth newly exuviated larvaewith different time.
8、Results showed that the ALP activity in hemolymph had no significant change afterreared with artificial diet，while its activity showed a trend of increasing gradually after reared withmulberry leaves；the ALP activity in mulberry leaf group was significantly higher than the artificial dietgroup at 60
9、 h and 72 h.The CarE activity in hemolymph increased gradually with the extension of rearingtime both in the mulberry leaf group and artificial diet group，the enzyme activity of artificial diet groupwas slightly higher than that of mulberry leaf group，but the difference was not significant.In hemoly
10、mph，the AchE activity of mulberry leaf group was slightly lower than that of artificial diet group at 12 h and24 h；At 36 h，the AchE activity began to increase in the mulberry leaf group and was higher than that ofartificial diet group at 48 h，60 h and 72 h，the AchE activity was 1.52，1.64 and 1.71 ti
11、mes that ofartificial diet group，respectively.In midgut of silkworm reared with mulberry leaves，the ALP activity wassignificantly higher than that in artificial diet group at 36 h and continued to increase with extension oftime，the enzyme activity was extremely significantly higher than that in arti
12、ficial diet group at 72 h，which was 2.13 times that in artificial diet group.In midgut of silkworm reared with artificial diet group，the CarE activity was significantly higher than that of the mulberry leaf group at 24 h and reached themaximum value at 60 h，which was 2.61 times that in mulberry leaf
13、 group.At 72 h，the CarE activityshowed a decreasing trend，but it was still significantly higher than that of mulberry leaf group.The AchEactivity in midgut of silkworm reared with mulberry leaves was significantly higher than that of theartificial diet group at 12 h and continued to increase from 24
14、 h to 48 h.In addition，the AchE activity wasextremely significantly higher than that of artificial diet group at 60 h and 72 h，which were 2.68 and2.84 times that of artificial diet group，respectively.These results indicated that the activities of ALP andAchE in hemolymph and midgut of silkworm reare
15、d with artificial diet were significantly lower than thoseof mulberry leaf group，while the activity of CarE in the midgut was significantly higher than that of themulberry leaf group.It suggests that the metabolic physiology of silkworm reared with artificial diet isinfluenced to some extent，which r
16、esults in a reduced resistance of silkworm against unfavorableenvironment.Key words：Artificial diet；Mulberry leaf；Bombyx mori；Metabolic enzyme activity；Different tissues羧酸酯酶（Carboxylesterases，CarE）、乙酰胆碱酯 酶（Acetylcholinesterase，AchE）和 碱 性 磷 酸 酶（Alkaline phosphatase，ALP）是生物体重要的代谢酶类12。CarE是一类广泛存在于动物、植物、微生物和昆虫体内的代谢解毒酶，不仅能将内源性或外源性含有酯键的化合物分解为对应的醇和酸，而且在机体脂类物质转运和发育调控等方面也发挥了一定的功能34。AchE是生物体一种极其重要的神经递质水解酶，其主要功能是在胆碱能神经突触处通过 快 速 水 解 神 经 递 质 乙 酰 胆 碱（Acetylcholine，Ach），从而终止Ach对乙酰胆碱受体的刺激作用，保证神经冲动在突触间的正常传导，维持生物