1、interactivestudenteditionGlencoeACKNOWLEDGMENTSGrateful acknowledgment is given authors,publishers,photographers,museums,and agents forpermission to reprint the following copyrighted material.Every effort has been made to determinecopyright owners.In case of any omissions,the Publisher will be pleas
2、ed to make suitableacknowledgments in future editions.Cover(Globe Theater)The Print Collector/Alamy;(bkgd)Gerry Charm/SuperStock viSuperstock;vii Schlowsky Photography;vii Schlowsky Photography,viii Movie Stills Archive;ix(t)Peabody Museum of Salem.Photo by Mark Sexton,(bl)David Madison/Bruce Colema
3、n,Inc,(br)Bob Wickley/Superstock;x Harris Works of Art,NY/Photo by D.James Dee;xi(t)1960,The Estate ofBuckminster Fuller.Courtesy,Buckminster Fuller Institute,Los Angeles,(b)courtesy Sydney JanisGallery;xiv(t)Schlowsky Photography,(b)Philadelphia Museum of Art:The A.E.Gallatin Collection;xvi Schlows
4、ky photography;xviiYagy Studio I/Superstock;xviii The Museum of Modern Art,NY.Given anonymously;xix The Metropolitan Museum of Art,the Alfred Stieglitz CollectionAcknowledgments continued on page 938.The Facing the Blank Page feature in this book was prepared in collaboration with the writers and ed
5、itors of TIME.6+1 Trait is a registered trademark of Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory,which does not endorse this product.iiCopyright 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored
6、in a database or retrievalsystem,without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,including,but not limited to,network storage or transmission,or broadcast for distance learning.Send all inquiries to:Macmillan/McGraw-Hill Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus,OH 43240-4027IS
7、BN:978-0-07-888778-9MHID:0-07-888778-XPrinted in the United States of America.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10058/055 12 11 10 09 08iiiPROGRAM CONSULTANTSMark Lester is Professor of English Emeritus at Eastern Washington University.He served asChair of the Department of English at Eastern Washington University
8、and Chair of theDepartment of English as a Second Language at the University of Hawaii.He is the author ofGrammar and Usage in the Classroom(Allyn&Bacon,2000),co-author of A CommonsenseGuide to Grammar and Usage(Bedford/St.Martins 2006),Essential ESL Grammar(McGraw-Hill 2008),and numerous other prof
9、essional books and articles.Sharon ONeal is Assistant Professor at the College of Education,Southwest Texas StateUniversity,where she teaches courses in reading instruction.She formerly served as Directorof Reading and Language Arts of the Texas Education Agency and has authored,andcontributed to,nu
10、merous articles and books on reading instruction and teacher education.Jacqueline Jones Royster is Professor of English and Executive Dean of the Colleges of theArts and Sciences at The Ohio State University.Her professional interests include therhetorical history of women of African descent,the dev
11、elopment of literacy,and contexts andprocesses related to the teaching of writing.In addition to her many years of teachingwriting,directing writing programs and writing centers,and serving as a leader in severalEnglish professional organizations,she is also the author of numerous articles in litera
12、rystudies and womens studies,and several books,among them:Traces of a Stream:Literacyand Social Change Among African American Women;Critical Inquiries:Readings on Cultureand Community;andCalling Cards:Theory and Practice in the Study ofRace,Gender,and Culture.William Strong is Professor of Secondary
13、 Education at Utah State University,Director of theUtah Writing Project,and a member of the National Writing Project Advisory Board.A nationally known authority on the teaching of composition,he is the author of manyvolumes,including Coaching Writing:The Power of Guided Practice(Heinemann,2001)andWr
14、iting Incisively:Do-It-Yourself Prose Surgery(McGraw-Hill,1991).Jeffrey Wilhelm,a middle and high school English teacher for thirteen years,is currentlyAssociate Professor of English Education at Boise State University,where he specializes inadolescent literacy,with research interests including gend
15、er and literacy,technology andliteracy,and assisting struggling readers and writers.He is the founding director of theMaine Writing Project and Boise State Writing Project.He has authored fifteen books onliteracy and education,and has won the NCTE Promising Research Award for You Gotta BEthe Book an
16、d the Russell Award for Distinguished Research for Reading Dont Fix No Chevys.Denny Wolfe,a former high school English teacher and department chair,is Professor ofEnglish Education Emeritus,Director of the Tidewater Virginia Writing Project,and Directorof the Center for Urban Education at Old Dominion University in Norfolk,Virginia.Author ofmore than seventy-five articles and books on teaching English,Dr.Wolfe is a frequentconsultant to schools and colleges on the teaching of English language ar